Addiction Modules and Programmed Cell Death and Antideath in Bacterial Cultures

Engelberg‐Kulka, Hanna; Glaser, Gad

doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.53.1.43

Cited by 343 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Another protein (Dehre_0668) that was among those with the strongest increase in abundance in stationary phase (table 1) has a high similarity with RelE toxin and builds with Dehre_0667 a toxin/antitoxin addiction module system that could be involved in modulating the persistence of cell growth in unfavourable growth conditions [46]. The antitoxin component (Dehre_0667) was however never detected in the proteome.…”

Section: (Iv) Additional Elements Of the General Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The restricted metabolism of the obligate organohalide respiring bacterium Dehalobacter restrictus: lessons from tiered functional genomics

Rupakula

Kruse

Boeren

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

100

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Dehalobacter restrictus strain PER-K23 is an obligate organohalide respiring bacterium, which displays extremely narrow metabolic capabilities. It grows only via coupling energy conservation to anaerobic respiration of tetra- and trichloroethene with hydrogen as sole electron donor. Dehalobacter restrictus represents the paradigmatic member of the genus Dehalobacter , which in recent years has turned out to be a major player in the bioremediation of an increasing number of organohalides, both in situ and in laboratory studies. The recent elucidation of the D. restrictus genome revealed a rather elaborate genome with predicted pathways that were not suspected from its restricted metabolism, such as a complete corrinoid biosynthetic pathway, the Wood–Ljungdahl (WL) pathway for CO 2 fixation, abundant transcriptional regulators and several types of hydrogenases. However, one important feature of the genome is the presence of 25 reductive dehalogenase genes, from which so far only one, pceA , has been characterized on genetic and biochemical levels. This study describes a multi-level functional genomics approach on D. restrictus across three different growth phases. A global proteomic analysis allowed consideration of general metabolic pathways relevant to organohalide respiration, whereas the dedicated genomic and transcriptomic analysis focused on the diversity, composition and expression of genes associated with reductive dehalogenases.

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Section: (Iv) Additional Elements Of the General Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The restricted metabolism of the obligate organohalide respiring bacterium Dehalobacter restrictus: lessons from tiered functional genomics

Rupakula

Kruse

Boeren

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

100

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“…In N. gonorrhoeae, N. lactamica and N. meningitidis mCGH-1 and mCGH-2 strains, the prophage and transposon were completely absent. In mCGH-4 and mCGH-5 strains, the two plasmid/ prophage addiction modules were retained (for a review see Engelberg-Kulka & Glaser, 1999), but an internal portion of the prophage, including the head and tail morphogenesis genes, was replaced with an IS30 transposase homologue (NMB_0911). The loss of this portion may have occurred when a second transposase inserted into the prophage, followed by homologous recombination excising the internal region.…”

Section: Hierarchical Clustering and Islands Of Horizontal Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics of Neisseria meningitidis: core genome, islands of horizontal transfer and pathogen-specific genes

Hotopp¹,

Grifantini

Kumar³

et al. 2006

Microbiology

100

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To better understand Neisseria meningitidis genomes and virulence, microarray comparative genome hybridization (mCGH) data were collected from one Neisseria cinerea, two Neisseria lactamica, two Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 48 Neisseria meningitidis isolates. For N. meningitidis, these isolates are from diverse clonal complexes, invasive and carriage strains, and all major serogroups. The microarray platform represented N. meningitidis strains MC58, Z2491 and FAM18, and N. gonorrhoeae FA1090. By comparing hybridization data to genome sequences, the core N. meningitidis genome and insertions/deletions (e.g. capsule locus, type I secretion system) related to pathogenicity were identified, including further characterization of the capsule locus, bioinformatics analysis of a type I secretion system, and identification of some metabolic pathways associated with intracellular survival in pathogens. Hybridization data clustered meningococcal isolates from similar clonal complexes that were distinguished by the differential presence of six distinct islands of horizontal transfer. Several of these islands contained prophage or other mobile elements, including a novel prophage and a transposon carrying portions of a type I secretion system. Acquisition of some genetic islands appears to have occurred in multiple lineages, including transfer between N. lactamica and N. meningitidis. However, island acquisition occurs infrequently, such that the genomic-level relationship is not obscured within clonal complexes. The N. meningitidis genome is characterized by the horizontal acquisition of multiple genetic islands; the study of these islands reveals important sets of genes varying between isolates and likely to be related to pathogenicity.

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“…Plasmid "addiction" systems ensure the stable inheritance of a plasmid through rounds of cell division by killing oV cells that have lost the plasmid (Engelberg-Kulka and Glaser, 1999). Generally, a long-lived toxin protein is paired with a short-lived antitoxin (protein or mRNA).…”

Section: The An12pl-1f6 Transposon Insertion Is In Pemkmentioning

confidence: 99%

TraA is required for megaplasmid conjugation in Rhodococcus erythropolis AN12

Yang

Lessard

Sengupta

et al. 2007

Plasmid

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Pulsed-Weld gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed three previously uncharacterized megaplasmids in the genome of Rhodococcus erythropolis AN12. These megaplasmids, pREA400, pREA250, and pREA100, are approximately 400, 250, and 100 kb, respectively, based on their migration in pulsed-Weld gels. Genetic screening of an AN12 transposon insertion library showed that two megaplasmids, pREA400, and pREA250, are conjugative. Mobilization frequencies of these AN12 megaplasmids to recipient R. erythropolis SQ1 were determined to be approximately 7 £ 10 ¡4 and 5 £ 10 ¡4 events per recipient cell, respectively. It is known for other bacterial systems that a relaxase encoded by the traA gene is required to initiate DNA transfer during plasmid conjugation. Sequences adjacent to the transposon insertion in megaplasmid pREA400 revealed a putative traA-like open reading frame. A targeted gene disruption method was developed to generate a traA mutation in AN12, which allowed us to address the role of the traA gene product for Rhodococcus megaplasmid conjugation. We found that the AN12 traA mutant is no longer capable of transferring the pREA400 megaplasmid to SQ1. Furthermore, we conWrmed that the conjugation defect was speciWcally due to the disruption of the traA gene, as pREA400 megaplasmid conjugation defect is restored with a complementing copy of the traA gene.

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Addiction Modules and Programmed Cell Death and Antideath in Bacterial Cultures

Cited by 343 publications

References 113 publications

The restricted metabolism of the obligate organohalide respiring bacterium Dehalobacter restrictus: lessons from tiered functional genomics

The restricted metabolism of the obligate organohalide respiring bacterium Dehalobacter restrictus: lessons from tiered functional genomics

Comparative genomics of Neisseria meningitidis: core genome, islands of horizontal transfer and pathogen-specific genes

TraA is required for megaplasmid conjugation in Rhodococcus erythropolis AN12

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