Addiction, cigarette smoking, and voluntary control of action: Do cigarette smokers lose their free will?

Baumeister, Roy F.

doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2017.01.003

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Smoking is a voluntary response to unintentional desires, which in some cases, involves neglecting the use of voluntary efforts to resist impulsive actions. However, the case of adolescents tends to resemble other human behaviors [31]. The results of this study indicate the experience of contradictive feelings related to smoking; even though the decision has been made, they remain sensitive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Indonesian adolescents’ perspectives on smoking habits as a reference for a prevention program: a qualitative study

Fithria

Adlim

Jannah

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Religious factors have been used in tobacco control campaigns but due to different perceptions among Muslim scholars that might have an effect on followers, the strategies of control programs are still interesting. Therefore, this qualitative research aimed to explore the perspectives of Muslim adolescents on smoking habits as a reference for developing effective prevention programs.Methods: Three focus group discussions involving 24 junior high school students (mean age=13.75 years) were the main source of data for this phenomenological qualitative study. The discussion guide was developed by the researchers based on the reviewed literature and validated by experts. The research findings were analyzed using an inductive content method with systematic steps based on the stages of qualitative data analysis.Results: Adolescent perspectives on smoking were grouped into two themes: (a) perception, which encompassed three sub-themes: smoking as a social habit, contradictive feelings, and the Islamic perspective; (b) smoking-related factors involving peer pressure, the parents’ smoking status, curiosity, and masculinity.Conclusion: The results indicated that adolescents consider smoking as a social habit but with contradictive feelings. From an Islamic perspective, smoking is not forbidden by the religion’s beliefs. The smoking habit was also stimulated by peer pressure, imitating parents who smoke, curiosity, and feeling masculine. We suggest that health professionals who are interested in developing smoking prevention programs should consider the adolescent perspective on smoking so that the prevention program will be more effective and appropriate for adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Indonesian adolescents’ perspectives on smoking habits as a reference for a prevention program: a qualitative study

Fithria

Adlim

Jannah

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The two nAchRs with a binding affinity for nicotine are (α4)2(β2)3 and (α7)5 [27]. Dopamine release is considered the prime driver of nicotine addiction, although other chemicals are also associated with addiction, and both environmental cues and stressors play a role in addiction [28]. Nicotine also causes the release of neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and serotonin [29].…”

Section: Tobacco and Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drugs used in smoking cessation allow the user to break addiction because smoking no longer correlates with the "rush" produced by dopamine. Overall, therapeutic interventions that take into consideration the reasons for smoking have higher treatment adherence and smoking cessation rates [28].…”

Section: Tobacco and Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine in Senescence and Atherosclerosis

Centner

Bhide²,

Salazar

2020

Cells

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Cigarette smoke is a known exacerbator of age-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis, and cellular aging (senescence). However, the role of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine is yet to be elucidated. Considering the growing amount of nicotine-containing aerosol use in recent years, the role of nicotine is a relevant public health concern. A number of recent studies and health education sites have focused on nicotine aerosol-induced adverse lung function, and neglected cardiovascular (CV) impairments and diseases. A critical review of the present scientific literature leads to the hypothesis that nicotine mediates the effects of cigarette smoke in the CV system by increasing MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. The accumulation of senescent VSMCs in the lesion cap is detrimental as it increases the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting an unstable plaque phenotype. Therefore, nicotine, and most likely its metabolite cotinine, adversely influence atherosclerosis.

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“…The meaning of 'choice' in this model is somewhat ambiguous, as this is never defined in Heyman's book [2,[23][24][25]. When consulting other authors such as Baumeister, choice is related to agency: "the capacity to initiate and control action" ( [26], p. 68). Moreover, in order to choose, there must be a capacity to make an informed choice: decisionmaking capacity [27].…”

Section: Opposing Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The (in)Significance of the Addiction Debate

Goldberg

2019

Neuroethics

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Substance addiction affects millions of individuals worldwide and yet there is no consensus regarding its conceptualisation. Recent neuroscientific developments fuel the view that addiction can be classified as a brain disease, whereas a different body of scholars disagrees by claiming that addictive behaviour is a choice. These two models, the Brain Disease Model and the Choice Model, seem to oppose each other directly. This article contends the belief that the two models in the addiction debate are polar opposites. It shows that it is not the large amount of addiction research in itself what sets the models apart, but rather their extrapolated conclusions. Moreover, some of the most fiercely debated aspects -for instance, whether or not addiction should be classified as a disease or disorder -are irrelevant for the conceptualisation of addiction. Instead, the real disagreement is shown to revolve around capacities. Discussing addiction-related capacities, especially regarding impaired control, rather than the assumed juxtaposition of the two models can be considered the true addiction debate. More insight into the extent to which the capacities of the addicted individual were affected would be highly useful in various other areas, especially legal responsibility.

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Addiction, cigarette smoking, and voluntary control of action: Do cigarette smokers lose their free will?

Cited by 74 publications

References 79 publications

Indonesian adolescents’ perspectives on smoking habits as a reference for a prevention program: a qualitative study

Indonesian adolescents’ perspectives on smoking habits as a reference for a prevention program: a qualitative study

Nicotine in Senescence and Atherosclerosis

The (in)Significance of the Addiction Debate

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