Addiction and crime: The importance of asymmetry in offending and the life-course

Vaughn, Michael G.; Salas-Wright, Christopher P.; Reingle-Gonzalez, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1080/10550887.2016.1189658

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Additionally, we found, perhaps somewhat predictably, that late middle-aged and older adult marijuana users are substantially more likely than their abstinent counterparts to use other substances, take part in risk behavior, be involved in the criminal justice system, and experience an array of behavioral health conditions. This is the consistent with prior research on marijuana use among older adults (DiNitto and Choi, 2011; Choi et al, 2016) and is certainly in keeping with a vast body of research that has documented the comorbidity of substance use and risky/antisocial behavior (Salas-Wright et al, 2016c; Vaughn et al, 2016c). …”

Section: 00 Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Trends and correlates of marijuana use among late middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 2002–2014

Salas-Wright

Vaughn

Cummings‐Vaughn

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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105

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Background Recent trend studies suggest that marijuana use is on the rise among the general population of adults ages 18 and older in the United States. However, little is known about the trends in marijuana use and marijuana-specific risk/protective factors among American adults during the latter part of adulthood. Method Findings are based on repeated, cross-sectional data collected from late middle-aged (ages 50–64) and older adults (ages 65 and older) surveyed as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health between 2002 and 2014. Results The prevalence of past-year marijuana use among late middle-aged adults increased significantly from a low of 2.95% in 2003 to a high of 9.08% in 2014. Similarly, the prevalence of marijuana use increased significantly among older adults from a low of 0.15% in 2003 to a high of 2.04% in 2014. Notably, the upward trends in marijuana use remained significant even when accounting for sociodemographic, substance use, behavioral, and health-related factors. We also found that decreases in marijuana-specific protective factors were associated with the observed trend changes in marijuana use among late middle-aged and older adults, and observed a weakening of the association between late-middle aged marijuana use and risk propensity, other illicit drug use, and criminal justice system involvement over the course of the study. Conclusions Findings from the present study provide robust evidence indicating that marijuana use among older Americans has increased markedly in recent years, with the most evident changes observed between 2008 and 2014.

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Section: 00 Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Trends and correlates of marijuana use among late middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 2002–2014

Salas-Wright

Vaughn

Cummings‐Vaughn

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Self Cite

105

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“…These fi ndings are noteworthy as they suggest that, whereas youth in general are less likely to report perceived very easy access to marijuana, perceived access has remained stable among youth in several highrisk subgroups. Of note, this fi nding is in keeping with recent studies highlighting the clustering of psychosocial and behavioral risk among youth with substance use and behavior problems (DeLisi et al, 2015a;Salas-Wright et al, 2014aShook et al, 2013;Vaughn et al, 2016c).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Trends in Perceived Access to Marijuana Among Adolescents in the United States: 2002–2015

Salas-Wright

Goings

et al. 2017

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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There is concern that changes in marijuanarelated policy and public opinion may lead to increased access to marijuana among young people in the United States. However, little research has been conducted on changes in youth's perceptions of marijuana access, and studies have yet to systematically examine trends in perceived access across key sociodemographic and externalizing behavioral subgroups. Method: Using population-based data collected between 2002 and 2015 as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we examined trends in perceived marijuana access among non-Hispanic White, African American, and Hispanic adolescents (ages 12-17, n = 221,412). Following the trend analysis method outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we conducted logistic regression analyses to test for secular trends. Results: Between 2002 and 2015, we observed a 27% overall reduction in the relative proportion of adolescents ages 12-17-and a 42% reduction among those ages 12-14-reporting that it would be "very easy" to obtain marijuana. This pattern was uniformly observed among youth in all sociodemographic subgroups (i.e., across age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income) and among youth reporting involvement/no involvement in most measures of substance use (alcohol, marijuana) and delinquency (handgun carrying, attacks). However, perceived very easy access remained stable among youth reporting tobacco use and criminal justice system involvement. Conclusions: Despite the legalization of recreational and medical marijuana in some states, our fi ndings suggest that, with the notable exception of adolescent tobacco users and juvenile offenders, perceptions that marijuana would be very easy to obtain are on the decline among American youth.

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“…SUDs are highly comorbid with ASPD and are related to both aggression and criminal behaviour [38,39]. Although they represent two different nosological entities, some authors argue that SUDs may be part of the spectrum of antisocial behaviour [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive and premeditated aggression in male offenders with antisocial personality disorder

et al. 2020

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aggression. ASPD patients with impulsive aggression had significantly lower scores of total PCL-R (p<0.01) factor 1 and interpersonal facet 1 (p<0.05), compared with ASPD patients with premeditated aggression. ASPD patients with impulsive aggression and ASPD patients with premeditated aggression had comparable BIS-11 mean scores, and exhibited an equal prevalence of SUDs. The interpersonal facet 1of the PCL-R predicted the aggression type (p<0.05) in ASPD patients, and the exponential beta value for facet 1 was 1.42 (CI = 1.03; 1.95). Conclusions The aggression type that is associated with ASPD is mainly impulsive in nature. ASPD patients who have higher scores of psychopathic traits have a lower probability of exhibiting impulsive aggression and a higher probability of exhibiting premeditated aggression. Although ASPD patients have high levels of impulsivity and a high frequency of SUDs, these two variables were not predictors of the aggression type.

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Addiction and crime: The importance of asymmetry in offending and the life-course

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Trends and correlates of marijuana use among late middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 2002–2014

Trends and correlates of marijuana use among late middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 2002–2014

Trends in Perceived Access to Marijuana Among Adolescents in the United States: 2002–2015

Impulsive and premeditated aggression in male offenders with antisocial personality disorder

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