“…When the AM-GMs were applied as the anode, in both anaerobic LB broth and glucose-based broth, the bacterial cell retention was sparse (when compared to the AM-PLA counterparts). This difference in cell retention may be due to the incorporated graphene, potentially due to modifications in surface energy and electrostatic interactions [87]. Biofilm composition, morphology, thickness and other physical properties play an integral role in bioelectricity production [88].…”