“…Indeed, such surface soil moisture estimates have often rather been used for data assimilation to correct for model deficiencies (see e.g., the recent review of Babaeian et al, 2019). Environmental tracer data might be useful in testing different model structures (e.g., Benettin et al, 2015; Harman, 2015; Kirchner, 2016; McMillan, Tetzlaff, et al, 2012; Rinaldo et al, 2015; Stadnyk and Holmes, 2020; Vaché & McDonnell, 2006) but might require more parameters in a model to make proper use of it and a proper consideration of uncertainties in any flow separations (e.g., Genereux, 2022; Joerin et al, 2002; Kirchner, 2019). This is even more the case for non‐conservative water quality data (e.g., Hollaway et al, 2018; Strömqvist et al, 2012).…”