Added sugar and trans fatty acid intake and sedentary behavior were associated with excess total‐body and central adiposity in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease

Abstract

Background: Over the past three decades, the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity has increased in survivors with congenital heart disease, and little is known about the body composition and its association with clinical characteristics and lifestyle factors.Objectives: To evaluate excess total-body adiposity and central adiposity and, to describe associated factors.Methods: Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents who underwent procedure to treat congenital heart disease, from January to July 2017. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and lifestyle factors (dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) were assessed. Adiposity was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography and waist circumference. Factors associated with excess total-body adiposity and central adiposity were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: Of 232 patients, 22.4% were identified with excess total-body adiposity and 24.6% with central adiposity. Significant factors positively associated with excess total-body adiposity were intake of added sugar and trans fatty acids, adjusted for confounding factors. Similarly, lifestyle factors were positively associated with central adiposity: intake of added sugar and trans fatty acids, sedentary behavior, and family history of obesity. Conclusions: Lifestyle factors were associated with excess total-body adiposity and central adiposity. Assessment of body composition and healthy-lifestyle counseling into outpatient care may be the key point to prevent obesity in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease.

The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns

“…The same results were confirmed in the cross-sectional study of Honicky and colleagues on children and adolescents who underwent a procedure to treat congenital heart disease. In this study, the patients that exceeded the iTFA intake recommendation of 1% of energy had a 5-fold increase of central adiposity [39]. Some recent explanations have related the iTFA consumption with the increased genetic susceptibility of the obesity-associated gene polymorphisms (rs1121980, rs1421085, and rs8050136) and BMI or weight changes, highlighting the important role that iTFAs can have on human metabolism [40].…”

The association between Sugars Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) and lipid profile among children and youth: A systematic review and dose‐response meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies

“…A growing body of evidence has mentioned the association between high SSB consumption during childhood and adverse outcomes such as CVD, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and other obesity-associated diseases in later life. [45][46][47][48] As a health massage, SSB consumption should be limited in children and youth to reduce the risk of obesity-associated diseases. 48 As shown in results, the geographical region, health status, SSB ).…”

“…[45][46][47][48] As a health massage, SSB consumption should be limited in children and youth to reduce the risk of obesity-associated diseases. 48 As shown in results, the geographical region, health status, SSB ). This result is possibly due to this fact that most of the studies were form Asia (six vs four studies).…”

The Homeostatic Theory of Obesity: An Empirical Verification of the Circle of Discontent with an Assessment of Its Relationship to Restrained and Uncontrolled Eating among Children and Adolescents

“…Interestingly, Marks [5] assumes that all these relationships are significant and positive (except for restrictive eating and high-energy consumption). However, we can find studies both confirming these assumptions [32,33,[35][36][37], and contradicting them or showing that the relationship among the variables is weak [38,39]. Still, other studies indicate the need to include moderators and mediators (e.g., sex, stress, size of image on food packaging targeting children) of the relationships we analyze [40][41][42].…”