Add‐On Soft Electronic Interfaces for Continuous Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring

Namkoong, Myeong; Baskar, Balaji; Singh, Lakhvir; Guo, Heng; McMurray, Justin; Branan, Kimberly; Rahman, Md. Saifur; Hsiao, Chin‐To; Kuriakose, Josh; Hernandez, Joanna; Arikan, Arda A.; Garza‐Rivera, Luis E.; Coté, Gerard L.; Tian, Limei

doi:10.1002/admt.202300158

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The results of PWV measurement were obtained using the proposed method and compared to the conventional approach across eight trials [19]. The PWV values derived from the proposed method were evaluated to determine if they fell within the normal range [23].…”

Section: Pwv Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then reconstructed the pulse signals at a higher sampling rate of 10 kHz using MATLAB. The reference bioimpedance signals were directly recorded at a high sampling rate of 10 kHz using the BIOPAC NICO-100C system and used for comparison to the existing PWV measurement method [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MP160 was employed for data acquisition and analysis, while the two NICO-100C devices were used for current injection and pulse measurement. Only one of the NICO-100C devices was responsible for current injection, and the second one was connected solely to the voltage measurement terminal [19]. In general, higher frequencies can result in better current conduction through the body's tissues.…”

Section: Hardware Setup Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data validation process employed in this study followed the established procedures commonly used for PWV analysis [19]. To ensure the reliability and accuracy of our results, we carefully examined the collected data.…”

Section: Data Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity Signal Reconstruction Using Low Sampling Rates

Hong,

Coté

2024

Biosensors

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Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) analysis is valuable for assessing arterial stiffness and cardiovascular health and potentially for estimating blood pressure cufflessly. However, conventional PWV analysis from two transducers spaced closely poses challenges in data management, battery life, and developing the device for continuous real-time applications together along an artery, which typically need data to be recorded at high sampling rates. Specifically, although a pulse signal consists of low-frequency components when used for applications such as determining heart rate, the pulse transit time for transducers near each other along an artery takes place in the millisecond range, typically needing a high sampling rate. To overcome this issue, in this study, we present a novel approach that leverages the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem and reconstruction techniques for signals produced by bioimpedance transducers closely spaced along a radial artery. Specifically, we recorded bioimpedance artery pulse signals at a low sampling rate, reducing the data size and subsequently algorithmically reconstructing these signals at a higher sampling rate. We were able to retain vital transit time information and achieved enhanced precision that is comparable to the traditional high-rate sampling method. Our research demonstrates the viability of the algorithmic method for enabling PWV analysis from low-sampling-rate data, overcoming the constraints of conventional approaches. This technique has the potential to contribute to the development of cardiovascular health monitoring and diagnosis using closely spaced wearable devices for real-time and low-resource PWV assessment, enhancing patient care and cardiovascular disease management.

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Section: Pwv Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardware Setup Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity Signal Reconstruction Using Low Sampling Rates

Hong,

Coté

2024

Biosensors

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Contact Pressure‐Guided Wearable Dual‐Channel Bioimpedance Device for Continuous Hemodynamic Monitoring

Namkoong,

McMurray,

Branan

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Wearable devices for continuous monitoring of arterial pulse waves have the potential to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cardiovascular diseases. These pulse wave signals are often affected by the contact pressure between the wearable device and the skin, limiting the accuracy and reliability of hemodynamic parameter quantification. Here, a continuous hemodynamic monitoring device that enables the simultaneous recording of dual‐channel bioimpedance and quantification of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and blood pressure (BP) is reported. The investigations demonstrate the effect of contact pressure on bioimpedance and PWV. The pulsatile bioimpedance magnitude reached its maximum when the contact pressure approximated the mean arterial pressure of the subject. PWV is employed to continuously quantify BP while maintaining comfortable contact pressure for prolonged wear. The mean absolute error and standard deviation of the error compared to the reference value are determined to be 0.1 ± 3.3 mmHg for systolic BP, 1.3 ± 3.7 mmHg for diastolic BP, and −0.4 ± 3.0 mmHg for mean arterial pressure when measurements are conducted in the lying down position. This research demonstrates the potential of wearable dual‐bioimpedance sensors with contact pressure guidance for reliable and continuous hemodynamic monitoring.

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Minimization of Parasitic Capacitance between Skin and Ag/AgCl Dry Electrodes

Hong,

Coté

2024

Micromachines

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Conventional dry electrodes often yield unstable results due to the presence of parasitic capacitance between the flat electrode surface and the non-uniform skin interface. To address this issue, a gel is typically placed between the electrodes to minimize parasitic capacitance. However, this approach has the drawbacks of being unsuitable for repeated use, limited lifetime due to gel evaporation, and the possibility of developing skin irritation. This is particularly problematic in underserved areas since, due to the cost of disposable wet electrodes, they often sterilize and reuse dry electrodes. In this study, we propose a method to neutralize the effects of parasitic capacitance by attaching high-value capacitors to the electrodes in parallel, specifically when applied to pulse wave monitoring through bioimpedance. Skin capacitance can also be mitigated due to the serial connection, enabling stable reception of arterial pulse signals through bioimpedance circuits. A high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) was first used to simulate the capacitance when injection currents flow into the arteries through the bioimpedance circuits. We also used the simulation to investigate the effects of add-on capacitors. Lastly, we conducted preliminary comparative analyses between wet electrodes and dry electrodes in vivo with added capacitance values ranging from 100 pF to 1 μF, altering capacitance magnitudes by factors of 100. As a result, we obtained a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that was 8.2 dB higher than that of dry electrodes. Performance was also shown to be comparable to wet electrodes, with a reduction of only 0.4 dB using 1 μF. The comparative results demonstrate that the addition of capacitors to the electrodes has the potential to allow for performance similar to that of wet electrodes for bioimpedance pulse rate monitoring and could potentially be used for other applications of dry electrodes.

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Add‐On Soft Electronic Interfaces for Continuous Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity Signal Reconstruction Using Low Sampling Rates

Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity Signal Reconstruction Using Low Sampling Rates

Contact Pressure‐Guided Wearable Dual‐Channel Bioimpedance Device for Continuous Hemodynamic Monitoring

Minimization of Parasitic Capacitance between Skin and Ag/AgCl Dry Electrodes

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