Adaptive Versus Incidental Explanations for the Occurrence of Protandry in Butterfly, Leptidea sinapis L.

Wiklund, Christer; Solbreck, Christer

doi:10.2307/2407966

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…This could be due to a physiological inability to fully suppress development, but it is also possible that this reflects an ecological fail-safe mechanism that optimizes post-winter development time (e.g. Wiklund and Solbreck, 1982). An increase in development rate with time spent in diapause has also been suggested in other butterflies (Wiklund and Solbreck, 1982;Gray, 2009;Xiao et al, 2013;Stålhandske et al, 2015).…”

Section: Mrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly

Lehmann

Pruisscher

Posledovich

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Diapause is a fundamental component of the life cycle in the majority of insects living in environments characterized by strong seasonality. The present study addresses poorly understood associations and trade-offs between endogenous diapause duration, thermal sensitivity of development, energetic cost of development and cold tolerance. Diapause intensity, metabolic rate trajectories and lipid profiles of directly developing and diapausing animals were studied using pupae and adults of Pieris napi butterflies from a population in which endogenous diapause has been well studied. Endogenous diapause was terminated after 3 months and termination required chilling. Metabolic and post-diapause development rates increased with diapause duration, while the metabolic cost of post-diapause development decreased, indicating that once diapause is terminated, development proceeds at a low rate even at low temperature. Diapausing pupae had larger lipid stores than the directly developing pupae, and lipids constituted the primary energy source during diapause. However, during diapause, lipid stores did not decrease. Thus, despite lipid catabolism meeting the low energy costs of the diapausing pupae, primary lipid store utilization did not occur until the onset of growth and metamorphosis in spring. In line with this finding, diapausing pupae contained low amounts of mitochondria-derived cardiolipins, which suggests a low capacity for fatty acid β-oxidation. While ontogenic development had a large effect on lipid and fatty acid profiles, only small changes in these were seen during diapause. The data therefore indicate that the diapause lipidomic phenotype is developed early, when pupae are still at high temperature, and retained until post-diapause development.

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Section: Mrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wiklund and Solbreck, 1982). An increase in development rate with time spent in diapause has also been suggested in other butterflies (Wiklund and Solbreck, 1982;Gray, 2009;Xiao et al, 2013;Stålhandske et al, 2015). Also, the rising MR slope reflects an accelerated postdiapause developmental rate with time spent at 2°C.…”

Section: Mrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly

Lehmann

Pruisscher

Posledovich

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The egg is the overwintering stage; larvae feed in spring on several species of Corydalis spp. The protandrous males appear about a week before females, and seek fresh females with whom they mate for dozens of minutes to a few hours (e.g., Wiklund & Solbreck 1982;Zonneveld & Metz 1991;Zonneveld 1996;Konvicka & Kuras 1999;Konvicka et al 2001). The sphragis is formed towards the end of mating.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphragis in Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): male-derived insemination plugs loose efficiency with progress of female flight

Vlašánek

Konvička

2009

Biologia

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During a mark-recapture study of Parnassius mnemosyne butterfly, we recorded incidence of females bearing or not bearing sphragis, a waxy structure delivered by males during copulation and preventing subsequent inseminations by other males. Despite the common belief that sphragis ensures monopolisation of females, we observed that 74 out of 579 marked females did not bear sphragis at a time of capture. We also recorded five instances of sphragis loss and one female that lost and subsequently re-acquired the structure. A sphragis thus does not represent a reliable indicator of females' mating status in P. mnemosyne. Repeated inseminations occur in this species and might buffer some extremely small populations against loss of within-population genetic variation. However, the proportion of sphragis-free females increased with season, and it remains to be ascertained to what extend is this caused by sphragis loss in previously inseminated females, and to which this is an outcome of earlier reproductive asynchrony, or early emergence of males that renders some of the late-emerging females unmated.

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“…Pupal weight is often taken as a surrogate of adult body weight (e.g. Wiklund & Solbreck, 1982;Nylin et al, 1993;Soontiëns & Bink, 1997;Kemp, 2000). In addition, pupal weight is also an accurate expression of the total weight gain achieved by the larvae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of larval instars and sex-specific plasticity in the development of the small heath butterfly, Coenonympha pamphilus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

García‐Barros¹

2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The number of larval moults, larval head capsule width and pupal weight were investigated in both direct-developing and diapausing individuals of a South-West European population of Coenonympha pamphilus. The frequency distributions of head widths of successive larval instars overlapped, partly due to variation in the number of larval moults. The larvae that entered diapause went through five instars, instead of the four reported from this species. The evidence indicates that the five instar developmental pathway represents a plastic response rather than an example of compensatory growth. This alternative growth pattern was expressed in response to short photoperiods in parallel with, or as a consequence of, larval diapause. On average, the larvae with five instars had larger heads than their normal siblings. This resulted in comparatively heavier male pupae, while the opposite trend occurred in females. It is concluded that the variation in the number of larval instars is a plastic response to diapause when temperatures remain mild and that it might have an adaptive value in areas with mild winter climates. The sexually dimorphic expression in the larval growth patterns, in terms of pupal weight, may well imply different patterns of allocation of larval resources to adult structures, although sex-dependent differences in investment into purely larval structures cannot be discounted.

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Adaptive Versus Incidental Explanations for the Occurrence of Protandry in Butterfly, Leptidea sinapis L.

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly

Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly

Sphragis in Parnassius mnemosyne (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): male-derived insemination plugs loose efficiency with progress of female flight

Number of larval instars and sex-specific plasticity in the development of the small heath butterfly, Coenonympha pamphilus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

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