Abstract.A refrigeration system to maintain a desired compartment temperature usually uses a thermostat as an on-off controller. In fact, the thermostat has some disadvantages. The main problem of system which is related to the thermostat is the biggest energy consumption in household appliances. In this paper, to solve the problem was designed a new PID controller based on an Arduino Uno R3 with application to a household refrigerator. In this case, the Arduino Uno was uploaded with PID controller algorithm. Then, in implementation to determine controller parameter values was defined new criteria. After that, to obtain the best refrigeration system performance was also proposed new performance criteria based on experimental data. The experimental results showed that the proposed control system was able to maintain the desired temperature with steady-state error of about 0.044°C. In addition, in steady state the control system for the refrigerator was able to the energy saving of about 30% and it almost did not depend on cooling load quantity.
InroductionA household refrigerator can maintain a desired compartment temperature since it employs a thermostat which serves as an on-off controller. In fact, the thermostat has some disadvantages. First, the present of control differential, difference between cut-in or cut-out temperature and setpoint temperature, causes response error that is set consciously according to the working principle of the on-off controller. Thus, the error is embedded in the thermostat. Second, if the differensial is set at a too small value, then the refrigerator will often turn on and off. Consequently, this action can breakdown the compressor [7,17]. Besides that, the action also requires high starting current equals to 4 to 10 times bigger than running current [21].Third , the energy consumption of refrigeration system is the biggest in household appliances [11,13,15].To respond these disadvantages, the researchers developed a new on-off controller. However, this way could not reduce significantly both response error [20] and the energy consumption [12]. Then, PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller concept was used to improve the on-off controller [1,2,16,22]. Then, it was followed adaptive control concept [8,9,23]. However, in implementation they had constraints, both of them were determination of control parameters, and control components that were needed to support a control system [5]. For example, to modify from the on-off control system to the PID one it needs to consider adding of safety components to avoid an overheat compressor. Since, the PID one is always working without ever turning off as in the on-off one.To reduce the problem and also to give a better optional controller, then in this paper was designed a new PID control system based on Arduino Uno R3 with application to the refrigerator. In this case, Arduino Uno R3 was uploded with a new PID controller algorithm. Control parameters are proportional gain Kp, integral gain Ki, and derivative gain Kd that were det...