Adaptive Sum of Markov Chains for Modelling 3D Blockage in mmWave V2I Communications

Alsaleem, Fahd; Thompson, John; Laurenson, David

doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3003245

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We have created a simple outdoor scenario for a moving transceiver passing by a basestation in the presence of blockers. An arbitrary attenuation function has been applied randomly at different locations by using a two state Markov chain blocking function [31]. In the following result, two out of the five blocker attenuation profiles provided in this paper have been used.…”

Section: A Part 1 Results: Attenuation Of the 5 Small Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Size Blockage Propagation Modeling at 28 GHz for mmWave Communications System

Alsaleem

Thompson

Laurenson

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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The short wavelength of the mmWave frequency band suggests that even narrow-width blockers affect the mmWave signal strength. There is a lack of literature investigating the effect of small-sized blockages. In this study, we present new measurement results for five metallic objects, mimicking objects indoors or in the street, where the obtained resulting loss is in the range of 10-30 dB. Based on these new results, the knife-edge diffraction blockage model that is provided by the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) standards body, in general, fails to replicate the results. Thus, we investigate the suitability of the enhanced knife-edge diffraction blockage model, called the mmMAGIC blockage model, for these blockers, which generally works well in capturing the measured attenuations.

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Section: A Part 1 Results: Attenuation Of the 5 Small Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Size Blockage Propagation Modeling at 28 GHz for mmWave Communications System

Alsaleem

Thompson

Laurenson

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…There have been many studies analyzing the blockage of mmWave links and the resulting coverage performance in a vehicular network, in the context of BSs [4]- [7], [26]- [28] and RSUs [29]- [31]. Blockage of the LOS links due to large vehicles in the adjacent lane of a designated vehicle is investigated in [4], and the performance is analyzed in terms of coverage probability, throughput and link path gain.…”

Section: A Mmwave Bs/rsu Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another paper that considers a highway scenario is [6], where the objective is to analyze the connectivity and find the beam coverage probability. A Markov chain formulation of blockages due to random blockers is established in [7]. In [27], the authors propose a deep learningaided beam alignment mechanism to improve the performance of the mmWave system in terms of spectral efficiency and received signal strength.…”

Section: A Mmwave Bs/rsu Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several studies in the literature that consider mmWave communications for vehicular networks, including [4]- [12]. Most of these papers use mmWave channel models and tools from stochastic geometry to analyze the coverage probability, based on line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel models and the resulting statistical signal-tointerference-noise-ratio (SINR) [4]- [7]. However, as we show in our initial work [8], the latency performance is a greater challenge for mmWave communications in vehicular networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays

Tunc

Panwar

2021

IEEE Open J. Intell. Transp. Syst.

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With the high data rates and ultra-low latency it provides, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications will be a key enabler for future vehicular networks. However, due to high penetration losses and high mobility, mmWave links experience frequent blockages. We present an analytical framework to evaluate the performance of vehicular relaying, where vehicles on a highway exchange data with the network, either over direct vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links with roadside units or a combination of a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) sidelink and a V2I link. Both V2V and V2I line-of-sight links can be blocked by other vehicles. We establish continuous-time Markov chain models of the blockage events that V2I links and vehicular relays experience, and use their steady-state solution to obtain analytical expressions for the blockage probability, average blockage duration and the SINR distribution. We demonstrate through numerical examples that relays are helpful especially when the traffic density is high since they can provide intermittent but more frequent connection opportunities and reduce the blockage duration. We show that relays that are far from a vehicle only have a marginal benefit since they are blocked with higher probability, compared to the closer relays. The proposed analytical framework enables fast and accurate assessment of a given deployment scenario, which will benefit researchers exploring mmWave-enabled vehicular networks.

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“…Among them, the Internet of Vehicles (IOV) is a network of wireless communication and information exchange based on big data and agreed communication protocols, which integrates a variety of key technologies such as on-board positioning, wireless transmission, and cloud computing. According to different application objects, IOV technology can be divided into two categories on the whole: vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) [9][10][11] and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) [12][13][14]. Of course, global position system (GPS) can obtain their locations and surroundings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessorial Locating for Internet of Vehicles Based on DOA Estimation in Industrial Transportation

Zhen

Guo

2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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With the improvement of living standard and the development of science and technology, Internet of Vehicle (IOV) will play an important part in industrial transportation as a main research field of Internet of Things. As a result, it is very necessary to grasp the location of vehicle. However, the traditional single global position system is easily affected by the external environment, so an accessorial locating approach based on wideband direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in intelligent transportation is proposed. First, model the array received signal on the road infrastructure. Then, by means of random forest regression (RFR) in the supervised learning, upper triangle elements of the covariance matrix of each frequency and the actual DOA are, respectively, extracted as the input features and output parameters; thus, the corresponding prediction coefficients are solved by training. After that, the trained RFR model can be used to calculate the final direction using test samples. Finally, these vehicles can be located according to the geometrical relation between the vehicle and the infrastructure. The proposed algorithm is not only suitable for uncorrelated signals but also for uncorrelated and correlated mixed signals without wideband focusing. The simulations show that compared with some sparse recovery algorithm, the prediction accuracy and resolution are effectively improved.

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Adaptive Sum of Markov Chains for Modelling 3D Blockage in mmWave V2I Communications

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Small-Size Blockage Propagation Modeling at 28 GHz for mmWave Communications System

Small-Size Blockage Propagation Modeling at 28 GHz for mmWave Communications System

Mitigating the Impact of Blockages in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Networks Through Vehicular Relays

Accessorial Locating for Internet of Vehicles Based on DOA Estimation in Industrial Transportation

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