Adaptive strategies in the Indian pharmaceutical industry

Madanmohan, T. R.; Krishnan, Rishikesha T.

doi:10.1504/ijtm.2003.003099

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…The herbal product industry has shown an annual growth of 25% in revenue. In addition, the costs of the development of a phytotherapeutic agent are usually lower than those of a synthetic drug [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mônica Piacentini Luizon1, Caroline Santos Oliveira1, Danielly Kathe Zaqueo1, Jaqueline Aparecida Oliveira1, Gustavo Ligieri Pereira do Prado2, Renata Barbieri1, Fernanda Oliveira Gaspari de Gaspi1, João Ernesto de Carvalho3, Elaine Cristina Mathias da Silva-Zacarin4, Camila Andréa Oliveira5, Acácio Antônio Pigoso1 and Grasiela Dias de Campos Severi-Aguiar5*

GDC¹

2013

Med chem

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Oncidium flexuosum Sims. is an orchid whose leaves are frequently used for therapeutic applications although its action mechanism is not exactly understood. So the aim of this study was investigate its effects in Wistar rat liver, kidney and bone marrow. For this purpose, twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 5 animals each: a control group receiving only water, a positive control receiving a mutagen compound and three groups treated for 15 days with 100, 250 or 500 mg/kg/day of a crude hydroalcoholic leaf extract of O. flexusosum Sims. No significant alterations were observed in-SH groups, MDA or catalase, showing that the extract does not induce hepatic oxidative damage. There was no evidence of kidney injury and hepatic function alteration (ALT). However, significant mitochondrial swelling was observed in the treated groups and is probably related to cell death induction observed in cells that displayed acidophilia, pyknosis and positive labeling with the TUNEL technique at higher concentrations of the extract. We demonstrated that the hepatotoxicity of the extract resulted from its ability to induce DNA and mitochondrial damage that arrests cells, leading to cell death, probably caused by the flavonoids and tannins present in this extract.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mônica Piacentini Luizon1, Caroline Santos Oliveira1, Danielly Kathe Zaqueo1, Jaqueline Aparecida Oliveira1, Gustavo Ligieri Pereira do Prado2, Renata Barbieri1, Fernanda Oliveira Gaspari de Gaspi1, João Ernesto de Carvalho3, Elaine Cristina Mathias da Silva-Zacarin4, Camila Andréa Oliveira5, Acácio Antônio Pigoso1 and Grasiela Dias de Campos Severi-Aguiar5*

GDC¹

2013

Med chem

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Policy, Markets and Knowledge: Strategic Synergies in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms

Chaturvedi

Chataway

Wield

2007

Technology Analysis & Strategic Management

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Exploitative and Explorative Learning as a Response to the TRIPS Agreement in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms

Kale

Wield

2008

Industry and Innovation

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The intellectual property regime forms an important part of any government's economic and industrial policies. It is an important regulatory instrument not only affecting industry and market structure but also influencing firm-level learning strategies, especially in knowledge-based industries like pharmaceuticals. Given its crucial role, the strengthening of patent laws as a result of the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement presents a significant institutional change for developing country industry. This paper analyses Indian pharmaceutical firms' strategic response to the strengthening of patent law. The research in this paper shows that Indian pharmaceutical firms responded to anticipated disruptive regulatory change by developing competencies incrementally as well as radically. Ambidextrous capability development involved explorative investment in R&D to develop innovative product R&D competencies and in parallel also involved exploitative use of existing process R&D capabilities. This ambidextrous capability development has enabled Indian pharmaceutical firms to survive and compete with multinational corporation (MNC) pharmaceutical firms, showing other catch-up firms a different path of capability development.Innovation, learning, capability, pharmaceutical industry, R&D, India,

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Adaptive strategies in the Indian pharmaceutical industry

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Policy, Markets and Knowledge: Strategic Synergies in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms

Exploitative and Explorative Learning as a Response to the TRIPS Agreement in Indian Pharmaceutical Firms

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