“…Currently, the most commonly used devices for the high-resolution imaging of biological or biomedical targets include confocal microscopes [1], stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopes [2], and structured light illumination microscopes (SIM) [3] etc. Furthermore, many algorithms have been developed to improve the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of biological images, including degenerate-model-based algorithms (e.g., deconvolution [4][5][6][7][8]), mathematical transformation-based algorithms (e.g., spectrum analysis [9,10], DWT analysis [11][12][13][14][15][16]), and machine-learning-based algorithms (e.g., deep learning [17][18][19]). However, most of these algorithms focus on a single task, e.g., inhibiting noise, identifying structure contours, or improving resolution.…”