Adaptive Significance of Previously Mated Monarch Butterfly Females (<i>Danaus plexippus</i>(Linneaus)) Overwintering at a California Winter Site

Leong, K. H. L.; Yoshimura, M. A.; Williams, C. L.

doi:10.18473/lepi.v66i4.a3

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Brower et al () reported that 75% of an overwintering D. plexippus colony was killed by a storm. Danaus plexippus and E. mandarina have similar overwintering success rates, and their mating systems are also similar: in D. plexippus , some males in the overwintering generation copulate with females before winter (Leong et al ). Curetis acuta also shows pre‐overwintering copulation and relatively low winter survival (<20%) (Umedzu ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Lepidoptera, males of the pierid butterfly Gonepteryx rhamni (L., 1758) show the former strategy (Wiklund et al ), whereas most males of the lycaenid butterfly Curetis acuta Moore, 1901 show the latter strategy (Shirouzu ). In the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus (L., 1758) (Leong et al ) and the Japanese common grass yellow Eurema mandarina (de l’Orza, 1869) (Kato ), mating occurs in both autumn and spring. Factors for the evolution of male reproductive diapause are controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus (L., 1758) (Leong et al 2012) and the Japanese common grass yellow Eurema mandarina (de l'Orza, 1869) (Kato 1986), mating occurs in both autumn and spring. Factors for the evolution of male reproductive diapause are controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overwintering success in adults of the Japanese common grass yellow Eurema mandarina

Konagaya

Yokoi

Watanabe

et al. 2018

Entomological Science

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The evolution of reproductive diapause is controversial in males as compared to females that must overwinter to leave offspring, because late‐autumn males can obtain offspring by pre‐overwintering copulation. The Japanese common grass yellow Eurema mandarina is suitable to examine the evolution of male reproductive diapause, because direct comparisons are possible between males that do and do not exhibit reproductive diapause. Approximately one‐half of males are insensitive to diapause‐inducing conditions, and emerge as non‐diapause summer‐form. Most autumn‐form females mate with summer‐form males in late autumn. Females that have overwintered re‐mate with autumn‐form males before the onset of oviposition. Because last‐male‐precedence is general in sperm competition in Lepidoptera, it is unclear why half of males emerge as summer‐form in late autumn. A potential adaptive benefit for emerging as summer‐form is increased sperm overwintering success, if autumn‐form females have a higher overwintering success than autumn‐form males. In the present study, overwintering success was estimated for both sexes of autumn‐form adults by rearing under seminatural conditions and a mark–release–recapture technique. Both approaches estimated an overwintering success of approximately 5% for both sexes. The absence of difference in overwintering success between the sexes suggests that pre‐overwintering copulation does not increase sperm overwintering success. However, a considerably low overwintering success may explain, at least partly, the presence of summer‐form males in late autumn. The degree of overwintering success might be more important than the sexual differences of overwintering success in the evolution of male reproductive diapause.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overwintering success in adults of the Japanese common grass yellow Eurema mandarina

Konagaya

Yokoi

Watanabe

et al. 2018

Entomological Science

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“…We used the mean of the non-zero distribution divided by two as our estimated eggs laid per day. We compared these values to data from (35). They provide estimated means and standard deviations for the lifespan (N=19) and lifetime eggs per female (N=10) for monarchs in February 2010.…”

Section: Early Spring Morphology and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do demographic processes change at extremely low population size in western monarch butterflies?

Edwards

Schultz

Crone

2021

Preprint

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Allee effects are processes that become disrupted at low population sizes, causing further declines to eventual extinction. In 2018, the Western monarch butterfly population fell below the threshold that scientists predicted would trigger Allee effects. To identify components of Allee effects, we compare monarch performance before and after the 2018 crash. The population has expanded more slowly during spring and summer breeding and filled a smaller breeding range. Other components of the monarch life cycle have not changed after the crash. However, winter survival is much lower and wing sizes of overwintering monarchs are larger now than in the 20th century, suggesting higher mortality and stronger selection than in the past. Western monarchs now face new challenges to recover from low population size, in addition to the original causes of declines.

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“…For instance, only unmated females were found in winter collections of Semiadalia undecimnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (Hodek and Landa, 1971). Unmated females seem also to be the majority at winter sites in the migrating monarch butterfly with only 1/3 of the overwintering females containing sperm from summer males within their spermatheca (Leong et al, 2012). It has also been shown that common fruit flies with longer preoviposition duration survive longer under cold than flies with short-retention phenotypes (Boulétreau-Merle and Fouillet, 2002).…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating Status Influences Cold Tolerance and Subsequent Reproduction in the Invasive Ladybird Harmonia axyridis

Facon¹,

Estoup²,

Hufbauer³

et al. 2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Among arthropods, ability to survive cold conditions may be instrumental for species invading temperate or colder climatic zones. Cold tolerance can be influenced by multiple environmental and physiological factors. We experimentally investigated the effects of mating status (unmated, mated, or mated, and reproductive) on cold tolerance and subsequent reproduction of the invasive harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis. We found that unmated adults survived cold better than mated ones. Among mated individuals, those that had not reproduced survived better than those that had reproduced. After cold stress, formerly unmated females were mated, and we evaluated their ability to reproduce. Females that reproduced prior to cold stress were less likely to reproduce after cold stress than females from the other treatments. We discuss what these results mean for the proportion of unmated females in H. axyridis aggregates at overwintering sites. This study highlights the importance of physiological status on cold tolerance of invasive arthropods.

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Adaptive Significance of Previously Mated Monarch Butterfly Females (Danaus plexippus(Linneaus)) Overwintering at a California Winter Site

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Overwintering success in adults of the Japanese common grass yellow Eurema mandarina

Overwintering success in adults of the Japanese common grass yellow Eurema mandarina

Do demographic processes change at extremely low population size in western monarch butterflies?

Mating Status Influences Cold Tolerance and Subsequent Reproduction in the Invasive Ladybird Harmonia axyridis

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