“…To investigate the performance of OBDSSA, this subsection compares it with several SSA variants on a set of 18 widely used benchmarks listed in Table 4. The compared algorithms include the original SSA [37], the self‐adaptive SSA algorithm (ASSA) [51], the SSA algorithm with random replacement tactic and double adaptive weighting mechanism (RDSSA) [53], the chaotic mechanism‐based SSA algorithm (CSSA) [59], the enhanced SSA algorithm (ESSA) [60], the PSO‐based SSA algorithm (SSAPSO) [61], the lifetime mechanism‐based SSA algorithm (LSSA) [62], the multi‐subpopulation‐based SSA algorithm (MSNSSA) [63], the opposition‐based learning enhanced SSA algorithm (ISSA) [64], the Gaussian‐SSA algorithm (GSSA) [65], the enhanced opposition‐based SSA algorithm (OBSSA) [66], the adaptive SSA algorithm with non‐linear coefficient decreasing inertia weight (ASSO) [67], the hybrid enhanced whale optimisation SSA algorithm (IWOSSA) [68]. In this experiment, mean value (Mean) and standard deviation (Std) were employed to evaluate the performance of the algorithms, the dimension of the benchmark functions was set as 100.…”