Adaptive reversible image watermarking algorithm based on IWT and level set

Abstract

In order to improve the robustness, imperceptibility, and anti-malicious extraction capability of reversible image watermarking, an adaptive reversible image watermarking algorithm based on IWT and level set is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the stable edge profile is extracted by using the Laplace operator and the level set methods. Secondly, the unit circle in the stable edge profile is determined. Finally, the inscribed square area of the determinate unit circle is divided into non-overlapping blocks. Each sub-block is performed by IWT, and the HVS is used to embed the watermark adaptively. The simulation results show that the algorithm has good invisibility and can resist various attacks. The algorithm not only has strong robustness but also can lossless recover the original image.

Lossless Watermarking Algorithm Based on Multiple-Base Notational System and Pixel Difference

“…In order to test the imperceptibility and capacity of the devised lossless watermarking technology, based on MB software, the watermark performance test was carried out, and the literature [5] and the literature [7] were used as the control group to reflect the superiority of the watermarking technique. The experimental conditions are: DELL, 3.5GHZ, dual-core CPU, 500GB hard drive and 8G memory.…”

“…However, this technology only allows the watermarking data to be embedded in a single matrix, and is not suitable for multi-matrix, ignoring the human visual characteristics. Furthermore, according to formula (5), in order to prevent the gray value of the pixel from exceeding the boundaries of [0,255], the matrix B is simply added or subtracted. When the embedding parameter k is large, it is easy to cause greater distortion.…”

“…4(d [11][12]. For this reason, based on the algorithm of this paper, the literature [7] and the literature [5], the embedding rate is set to 0.8bpp, and the watermark data 2 111011 S  is embedded in the carrier image. The obtained watermark image is exhibition in Figure 5~7.…”

“…In order to ensure that user data can resist external attacks in the network, scholars have proposed corresponding image watermarking technology [3][4]. For example, Zhang et al [5] proposed a watermarking technique based on integer wavelet transform and bit level set. The experimental results show that the watermarking scheme has high imperceptibility and robustness.…”

An Improved Digital Image Watermarking Scheme using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique

“…A watermarking scheme is said to be robust when the embedded watermark is capable to survive against both accidental and intentional attacks. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) are the most popular transforming techniques which are often used in transform domain watermarking techniques [8][9][10][11]. Designing a robust and imperceptible image watermarking scheme for copyright protection applications that can insert a watermark without significantly affecting the visual quality of the host image has become the major challenge in the field of digital watermarking due to the existence of two inversely related watermarking properties namely robustness and imperceptibility.…”