Adaptive reversible data hiding algorithm for interpolated images using sorting and coding

In this article, due to the importance of embedding encrypted information in the image, a watermarking method is proposed based on local statistics in pixels. The advantages of the proposed method include its complete reversibility and very high security, which is due to the use of the quadtree concept, finding similar parts in the image, and embedding information in low‐energy and less significant pixels. This method is an alternative and simplifier of the quadtree method, dividing the image into identical non‐overlapping blocks and then choosing the block with less energy as more suitable for watermarking. Also, two criteria of mean‐squared‐error and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) have been calculated and the PSNR shows that image quality has not changed too much after hiding the information than the original image. It should be noted that since the proposed method is applied to black and white images, the result can be generalized to different color channels in the image, and color images have more visible capabilities in terms of cached memory than black and white images because they contain three dimensions of information.

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“…1 image with size 16 by 16. In Reference 19 on average, the average PSNR of the presented algorithm is improved by approximately 25%.…”

Section: Experimental Results Discussion and Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Providing robust and reversible watermarking algorithm and detection of malicious manipulation

Damghani

Estaji

Damghani

2022

Security and Privacy

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“…Xiong et al [24] discuss an adaptive interpolation-based reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithm that improves visual quality and embedding capacity. By sorting interpolated pixels and employing coding techniques, it outperforms traditional RDH algorithms and demonstrates resistance to steganalysis attacks.…”

Section: Review Of Existing Image Interpolation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Te preceding embedding phase produces a stego image at the recipient side and extraction of data is done in order to obtain the secret information and recover the original image. At frst, we aimed to obtain the secret information from the stego image, so we have to identify the interpolated pixels in the stego image which are as follows: (12,53,10,11,9,53,90,6,46,24,29,30,41,45,36,40). So, the frst interpolated pixel is 12 whose binary value is 00001100.…”

Section: An Illustration Of the Data Extraction In This Section An Il...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Payload Lossless Steganography Using Image Interpolation

Sharma,

Malik,

Singh

et al. 2023

Security and Communication Networks

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Interpolation-based reversible data hiding (IRDH) is a method for embedding data in a reversible manner into digital images. It is based on the polynomial interpolation to hide the secret data bit stream in the coefficients of the interpolation polynomial. In this paper, an IRDH method that combines a modified neighbor mean interpolation is presented with a new method for reversibly embedding secret data in interpolated pixels. This method uses log base 2 of the decimal value of the interpolated pixel to replace a corresponding number of bits with the bits of the secret data, allowing for a higher bit stream to be embedded with better image quality. The results from experiments show that the introduced method can implant on average, 1300000 bits of secret data with an average PSNR of 28.5 dB, which is a significant improvement over existing and related works.

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“…Barton patented an RDH method back in 1997 [11] which was based on spatial domains and embedded information into media directly. Demand of effective RDH schemes [12,13] raised because of the fast development of cloud computing and IoT. Traditionally, data are hidden in cover images directly by data hiders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hiding information in a reordered codebook using pairwise adjustments in codewords

Chang,

Liu,

Chang

et al. 2024

Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision and Computational Intelligence (CVCI 2024)

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The fundamental data structure of our proposed scheme is a pixel pair. The pixel values are adjusted through simple yet well-designed equations depending on different conditions. The computation method provides an easy recovery of the original values for the pixel pair as well. For some applications, it's important to extract the hiding data as well as to recover the original media. In order to apply to a wider range of applications, more and more reversible data hiding (RDH) schemes are introduced or enhanced in the recent decades. Therefore, the two goals of the novel scheme proposed are to increase embedding capacity and to recover original media easily.For vector quantization (VQ) compression, it's a well-known and efficient method to compress images. A well-trained codebook is crucial to maintain the visual quality of recovered images as good as possible. An index table is generated based on the codebook to full-fill the purpose of compression. Most of studies utilize index tables as the embedding carriers for VQ or VQ-variant compression methods. There are a few state-of-the-art schemes make use of codebooks to embed secret and our proposed scheme extends the study on the codebook embedding. The codewords in a codebook are divided into pixel pairs and secret bits are embedded by adjusting the pixel values of these split pairs to form a stego codebook. During extraction, secret bits are extracted first out from the stego codebook and a recovered codebook is obtained before recovering VQ compressed images.

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Adaptive reversible data hiding algorithm for interpolated images using sorting and coding

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Providing robust and reversible watermarking algorithm and detection of malicious manipulation

Providing robust and reversible watermarking algorithm and detection of malicious manipulation

High Payload Lossless Steganography Using Image Interpolation

Hiding information in a reordered codebook using pairwise adjustments in codewords

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