Adaptive Response and Oxidative Stress

Crawford, Dana R.; Davies, Kelvin J.A.

doi:10.2307/3432208

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Living systems attempt to maintain constancy by adjusting to the continuous state of flux in the external environment (Crawford and Davies, 1994). Circadian synchronization of physiological and cellular processes contributes to the wellness of organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms of redox states and total locomotor activity in dairy cattle

Giannetto¹,

Fazio²,

Assenza³

et al. 2010

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:We want to study the circadian rhythm of dROMs and anti-oxidative power in dairy cattle during dry period and the possible involvement of the circadian organization of rest/activity cycles in the fluctuation of redox state. For this purpose we recorded TLA in five clinically healthy Bruna Italian dairy cattle by means of an actigraphy-based data logger, Actiwatch-Mini ® . Blood samples were collected every 3 hours over a 48-hour period for the assessment of free radicals (dROMs) and the antioxidant power: antioxidant barrier (Oxy-ads) and thiol-antioxidant barrier (SHp). All animals were in the same productive period (dry) and they were housed in the same stable under natural photoperiod and ambient temperature. One-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine a statistical significant effect of time on the studied parameters. A trigonometric statistical model was applied to characterize the main rhythmic parameters according to the single cosinor procedure. A significant effect of time on all studied parameters was observed. They showed a diurnal acrophase and different degrees of robustness of rhythms. In conclusion, we can claim that there is a synergism between the dROM circadian rhythm and the circadian rhythm of anti-oxidative power. These rhythms do not have any implication for the issue of causation with the TLA circadian rhythms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms of redox states and total locomotor activity in dairy cattle

Giannetto¹,

Fazio²,

Assenza³

et al. 2010

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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“…A mild HS is sufficient to induce the synthesis of HSP, and leads to the acquisition of thermotolerance in all organisms (Nover, 1991). Similarly, pre-exposure at low concentrations of H 2 O 2 , O 2°-generating reagents, ethanol or heavy metals induces, in most cases, a tolerance towards a lethal concentration of the same reagent (reviewed by Crawford and Davies, 1994;Nover, 1991). It has also been demonstrated, in bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells, that pre-exposure of cells to HS renders cells resistant to OS (Crawford and Davies, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, pre-exposure at low concentrations of H 2 O 2 , O 2°-generating reagents, ethanol or heavy metals induces, in most cases, a tolerance towards a lethal concentration of the same reagent (reviewed by Crawford and Davies, 1994;Nover, 1991). It has also been demonstrated, in bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells, that pre-exposure of cells to HS renders cells resistant to OS (Crawford and Davies, 1994). Direct evidence for the existence of a relationship between HSP expression and protection against OS has been provided by expressing human or Drosophila small HSP27 in murine cells (Mehlen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of small heat shock proteins, including mitochondrial HSP22, induced by oxidative stress and adaptive response in tomato cells

et al. 1998

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SummaryChanges in gene expression, by application of H 2 O 2 , O 2°-generating agents (methyl viologen, digitonin) and gamma irradiation to tomato suspension cultures, were investigated and compared to the well-described heat shock response. Two-dimensional gel protein mapping analyses gave the first indication that at least small heat shock proteins (smHSP) accumulated in response to application of H 2 O 2 and gamma irradiation, but not to O 2°-generating agents. While some proteins seemed to be induced specifically by each treatment, only part of the heat shock response was observed. On the basis of Northern hybridization experiments performed with four heterologous cDNA, corresponding to classes I-IV of pea smHSP, it could be concluded that significant amounts of class I and II smHSP mRNA are induced by H 2 O 2 and by irradiation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that in plants some HSP genes are inducible by oxidative stresses, as in micro-organisms and other eukaryotic cells. HSP22, the main stress protein that accumulates following H 2 O 2 action or gamma irradiation, was also purified. Sequence homology of amino terminal and internal sequences, and immunoreactivity with Chenopodium rubrum mitochondrial smHSP antibody, indicated that the protein belongs to the recently discovered class of plant mitochondrial smHSP. Heat shock or a mild H 2 O 2 pretreatment was also shown to lead to plant cell protection against oxidative injury. Therefore, the synthesis of these stress proteins can be considered as an adaptive mechanism in which mitochondrial protection could be essential.

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“…Adaptive responses were first observed in bacteria and have since been observed in yeast, plants, and mammals (11). Two regulons, the SoxRS regulon and the OxyR regulon, enable E. coli to adapt to oxidative stress (1,13,47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiprobe RNase Protection Assay Analysis of mRNA Levels for the Escherichia coli Oxidative DNA Glycosylase Genes under Conditions of Oxidative Stress

2000

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Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg), MutY DNA glycosylase, endonuclease VIII, and endonuclease III are oxidative base excision repair DNA glycosylases that remove oxidized bases from DNA, or an incorrect base paired with an oxidized base in the case of MutY. Since genes encoding other base excision repair proteins have been shown to be part of adaptive responses in E. coli, we wanted to determine whether the oxidative DNA glycosylase genes are induced in response to conditions that cause the type of damage their encoded proteins remove. The genes fpg, mutY, nei, and nth encode Fpg, MutY, endonuclease VIII, and endonuclease III, respectively. Multiprobe RNase protection assays were used to examine the transcript levels of these genes under conditions that induce the SoxRS, OxyR, and SOS regulons after a shift from anaerobic to aerobic growth and at different stages along the growth curve. Transcript levels for all four genes decreased as cells progressed from log-phase growth to stationary phase and increased after cells were shifted from anaerobic to aerobic growth. None of the genes were induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, X rays, or conditions that induce the SOS response.In Escherichia coli, as in other prokaryotes and eukaryotes, a form of DNA repair called base excision repair removes oxidatively damaged bases from DNA (for reviews see references 14 and 60). Oxidatively damaged bases result from attack by oxygen free radicals generated during normal oxidative metabolism and by exposure to exogenous agents such as X rays and redox-generating chemicals. Base excision repair proteins called DNA glycosylases hydrolyze the N-glycosylic bond between the damaged or incorrect base and the sugar, leaving an abasic site or a strand break, depending on the type of glycosylase, which is then acted on by other proteins to complete the repair process.Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and MutY DNA glycosylase work together to protect cells from the mutagenic effects of the common oxidative damage 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) (41). Fpg removes 8-oxoG from 8-oxoG-C pairs, giving the repair DNA polymerase a chance to put in G (10, 58). If 8-oxoG is not removed before DNA replication occurs, it can mispair with A. MutY removes A in 8-oxoG-A mispairs (41, 42). Failure of this process results in a GC 3 TA transversion. The DNA glycosylases endonuclease III (endo III) and endo VIII have overlapping substrate specificities and recognize and remove a wide range of oxidized pyrimidines. Some of these oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol, act as blocks to DNA polymerase and are lethal to cells (34, 44); oxidized cytosines such as uracil glycol, 5-hydroxyuracil, and 5-hydroxycytosine pair with A and are premutagenic, leading to GC3AT transitions (32,48,49).Using reverse transcription-PCR, we have previously shown that all four oxidative DNA glycosylase genes are transcribed as part of operons (18,19) and have determined transcription initiation and termination sites by RNase protection ...

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Adaptive Response and Oxidative Stress

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Circadian rhythms of redox states and total locomotor activity in dairy cattle

Circadian rhythms of redox states and total locomotor activity in dairy cattle

Accumulation of small heat shock proteins, including mitochondrial HSP22, induced by oxidative stress and adaptive response in tomato cells

Multiprobe RNase Protection Assay Analysis of mRNA Levels for the Escherichia coli Oxidative DNA Glycosylase Genes under Conditions of Oxidative Stress

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