Adaptive quadrilateral distance relaying scheme for fault impedance compensation

Abstract

Impedance reach of numerical distance relay is severely affected by Fault Resistance (RF), Fault Inception Angle (FIA), Fault Type (FT), Fault Location (FL), Power Flow Angle (PFA) and series compensation in transmission line. This paper presents a novel standalone adaptive distance protection algorithm for detection, classification and location of fault in presence of variable fault resistance. It is based on adaptive slope tracking method to detect and classify the fault in combination with modified Fourier filter algorithm for locating the fault. To realize the effectiveness of the proposed technique, simulations are performed in PSCAD using multiple run facility & validation is carried out in MATLAB® considering wide variation in power system disturbances. Due to adaptive setting of quadrilateral characteristics in accordance with variation in fault impedance, the proposed technique is 100 % accurate for detection & classification of faults with error in fault location estimation to be within 1 %. Moreover, the proposed technique provides significant improvement in response time and estimation of fault location as compared to existing distance relaying algorithms, which are the key attributes of multi-functional numerical relay.

Extra‐sensitive impedance differential protection immune to CT saturation

“…The DPP uses two quadrilateral relays at the sending end and the receiving end. The protection will not trip unless the fault is located at their overlapping area between Zone‐II of each relay [23]. The dip angles of the reactance relay, the quadrilateral relay's base, the load blinder, and the relay's hypotenuse are 7°, 7°, 80° and 105°, respectively.…”

“…The dip angles of the reactance relay, the quadrilateral relay's base, the load blinder, and the relay's hypotenuse are 7°, 7°, 80° and 105°, respectively. See [23] for the detailed setting principle of this type of protection. Test results for the resistive coverage for the DPP are given in Table 8.…”

Real-Time Monitoring & Adaptive Protection of Power Transformer to Enhance Smart Grid Reliability

“…This adaptive characteristic will prevent false tripping during external fault with the CT saturation. The author has also developed adaptive fault impedance compensation algorithm for the transmission line [23]. Fig.…”

Dynamic Quadrilateral Characteristic-Based Distance Relays for Transmission Lines Equipped with TCSC

“…In [10][11][12], the resistive reach is adapted based on the measured impedance by the relay and circuit theory approach. By using the impedance measurements from two-line ends, the fault resistance is calculated from a second order equation in [10].…”