Adaptive protection strategies for detecting power system out-of-step conditions using neural networks

Abdelaziz, Almoataz Y.; Irving, M.R.; Mansour, M.M.; El-Arabaty, A.M.; Nosseir, A.

doi:10.1049/ip-gtd:19981994

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…But if area 1 A becomes greater than area 2 A , the system goes to an out-of-step condition. This concept can be referred to as the energy equilibrium criterion in the time domain.…”

Section: Proposed Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Out-of-step Protection combining Three-impedance Element Model with the Equal Area Criterion

Yuan¹,

Zhang²,

Chen³

2016

Proceedings of the 2015 2nd International Forum on Electrical Engineering and Automation (IFEEA 2015)

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This paper proposes a new procedure for out-of-step protection through the combination of a three-impedance element model with equal area criterion. The P   curve of the system is transferred into P t  curve and then P t  curve is applied to forecast whether the oscillation between the generator and the power system is out-of-step or stable. The forecasting results determine the operation of the out-of-step protection: If the oscillation is unstable, the signals will be sent during the first period of unstable oscillation, and then the number of sliding pole will be counted to achieve a delay action. Otherwise, no response will be made. A three-machine infinite bus system has been used to test the proposed method by simulation with PSCAD software. The simulations test the protection in a variety of faults within the system, including unstable and stable oscillation, loss of excitation and short-circuit faults. Simulation results confirm that this method can work effectively as a backup protection when faults such as loss of excitation and short-circuit fault are not promptly removed. Moreover, the simulations provide a reliable basis for the scheme and design of out-of-step protection in the power plant. IntroductionElectromechanical oscillation in power systems occurs due to an imbalance between input and output powers. Whether the power system will return to a stable state depends on the level of the disturbance. The oscillations will not damp out after a severe disturbance and consequently lead to an unstable operating condition called an out-of-step condition. In order to lead the rest of the system back into a new stable condition, the out-of-step relays are equipped to detect such conditions in the power system and disconnect part of the system at preselected locations [1].Currents and voltages oscillate in amplitude and phase during power system swings. At certain locations of the power system, the calculated impedances will be so small during a disturbance that they enter the protection dead zones of distance relays [2]. In many cases where the disturbance is not severe, the systems should be allowed to settle down to a stable state. In other cases, the systems should be disconnected from one another as they are likely to become unstable. After disconnection, the individual systems should be allowed to settle down to stable states. In order to maintain generation load balance, it at times become necessary to shed load or generation, which depends on the situation of the disturbance. Conventional power swing relays use distance relays and delay timers to distinguish power swings that are likely to result in system instability from those which are likely to settle into stable states [3].There are various techniques available in literature and in practice to detect out-of-step conditions. The most popular and well-known out-of-step detection technique in China is the three-impedance element model based on the variation of apparent impedance locus at machine terminal. When applied to multi-machi...

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“…But if area 1 A becomes greater than area 2 A , the system goes to an out-of-step condition. This concept can be referred to as the energy equilibrium criterion in the time domain.…”

Section: Proposed Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At certain locations of the power system, the calculated impedances will be so small during a disturbance that they enter the protection dead zones of distance relays [2]. In many cases where the disturbance is not severe, the systems should be allowed to settle down to a stable state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-step Protection combining Three-impedance Element Model with the Equal Area Criterion

Yuan¹,

Zhang²,

Chen³

2016

Proceedings of the 2015 2nd International Forum on Electrical Engineering and Automation (IFEEA 2015)

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“…Some of the recently proposed method uses techniques such as neural network [2], [9], adaptive network-based fuzzy interface (ANFIS) [10], and a combination of both to form a fuzzy hyper-rectangular composite neural network (FHRCNN) [11], to develop algorithms for out-of-step detection. The inputs to these methods are obtained from system variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inputs to these methods are obtained from system variables. In [2], [10] and [11] the machine angular frequency is used as inputs, whereas for [9] the input parameters are the mechanical input power, generator kinetic energy deviation and average kinetic energy deviation. These techniques are based on the training of the algorithms on predefined cases and they are able to take quick decision for a case depending on its resemblance to a case in the training set.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability assessment using synchrophasor data

Kundu

Pradhan

2011

2011 International Conference on Energy, Automation and Signal

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Rotor angle variation during post fault period in a power system leads to power swing. Both stable and unstable swings may cause tripping of distance relays and therefore they are blocked during swinging conditions. The unstable swing if not detected early or dealt properly leads to loss of synchronism among different areas and consequently resulting in catastrophic failures such as blackouts. To avoid such incidents some of the relays placed at strategic locations have to be unblocked. An integrated approach of combining various indices derived from wide area measurement system (WAMS) data using fuzzy logic for ranking the severity of the swing has been proposed. The ranking aids in taking decisions regarding the blocking and unblocking of relays to avoid severe failures. The performances of the indices have been tested on a three-machine nine-bus system using EMTDC/PSCAD and MATLAB.

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“…Many techniques have been investigated outof-step protection. They are mainly for synchronous machine operated as generator for protection [1][2][3][4]. For synchronous motor, Wei et al firstly attempted to cope with out-of step [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Out-of-step Protection of Synchronous Motor Supplied by Converter

Wang

Zhou

2009

2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application

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The paper deals with out-of-step protection of synchronous motor. Synchronous motor supplied by converter works in wide range of speed, and faces disturbance and acute change of load torque. The out-of step is frequently occurs, and damages the motor, affects on related process. The problem can be solved by adjusting supplied voltage according to the calculated load angle. The load angle can not be measured in working condition. But it can be calculated from stator voltage, current, and power factor which can be easily measured. The research discloses the inherent relations among the stator voltage, current, power factor, and load angle using phase graph under steady state adjustable voltage. Based on the relationship of the quantities, it proposes a scheme of automatic out-of-step protection. The scheme bas been simulated on a synchronous motor. The simulation results verify the validity and feasibility of the proposition.

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Adaptive protection strategies for detecting power system out-of-step conditions using neural networks

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Out-of-step Protection combining Three-impedance Element Model with the Equal Area Criterion

Out-of-step Protection combining Three-impedance Element Model with the Equal Area Criterion

Stability assessment using synchrophasor data

Automatic Out-of-step Protection of Synchronous Motor Supplied by Converter

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