Adaptive profile of dairy cows in a tropical region

Vasconcelos, Angela Maria de; Albuquerque, Cleverton Caçula de; Carvalho, J. F. de; Façanha, Débora Andréa Evangelista; Lima, F. R. G.; Silveira, Robson Mateus Freitas; Ferreira, Josiel

doi:10.1007/s00484-019-01797-9

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Some factors are associated with bovine sensibility to heat stress, as metabolic status (e.g., lactating or pregnant) and breed ( Vasconcelos et al, 2019 ). Holstein cows have been selected over the last decades to increase milk yield, however, the increase in productivity was followed by an increase of sensibility to the heat ( Lucy et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although crossbreeding could be beneficial for milk production traits in Bos taurus × Bos indicus animals in tropical regions ( Bunning et al, 2019 ), Holstein proportion in crossbred dairy cows genetic composition (H) seems to impact crossbred cows thermoregulation. Under tropical heat stress condition Girolando cows have shown higher rectal temperature and respiratory rate than zebu animals, as Sindi breed and Nelore × Gyr crossbred cows ( McManus et al, 2014 ; Vasconcelos et al, 2019 ). Rectal temperature of 3/4 H cows, in the afternoon of Brazilian semiarid conditions, tended to be higher than 1/2 H cows when exposed to moderate heat stress (average THI = 85; Costa et al, 2015a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily vaginal temperature in Girolando cows from three different genetic composition under natural heat stress

Carvalheira

Wenceslau

Ribeiro

et al. 2021

Translational Animal Science

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The present trial evaluated the effect of crossbred composition and Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) on vaginal temperature (VT) of Girolando dairy cows maintained under tropical pasture during warm seasons. The VT was monitored along 41 to 96 h in 615 Girolando cows with different Holstein (H) × Gir genetic composition (1/2 H = 284, 3/4 H = 248, and 7/8 H = 83) from six Brazilian farms in the summer of 2016 and 2017. VT of each cow at each hour of the day and the respective THI were averaged per hour across all monitoring days to generate an averaged value for VT and THI during 24 h. A linear mixed model with repeated measures using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method for (co)variance components estimation procedure was employed. The final model adjusted the VT for the effects of cow, time, THI, farm, year, pregnancy status, body condition score (BCS), milk yield, genetic composition, and genetic composition*time interaction. Fixed effects were evaluated by ANOVA and tested with Tukey test in R software version 3.6.1 (R Core Team, 2019). Overall mean of VT, air temperature (AT), and THI were 39.06 ± 0.52 °C, 25.63 ± 0.40 °C, and 75.06 ± 3.96, respectively. VT had moderate positive correlation with THI (r² = 0.45, P < 0.001) and AT (r² = 0.46, P < 0.001). The VT had estimated linear increase of 0.05 °C for each THI unit increase (P < 0.001). Least square mean of VT varied among the farms (P < 0.001), pregnancy status (P < 0.001), and BCS (P < 0.05) but not for Milk yield (P > 0.05). The daily average VT was affected by genetic composition (P < 0.001) with highest temperature for 3/4 H (39.08 ± 0.06 °C a) and 7/8 H (39.09 ± 0.06 °C a) and lowest temperature for 1/2 H (38.95 ± 0.06 °C b). The difference of VT among the three crossbred groups varied in function of the time of the day, from 12:00 to 20:00 h (P < 0.001), with 3/4 Holstein and 7/8 Holstein cows reaching similar VT, above to the upper limit 39.1 °C and higher than 1/2 Holstein cows during all this period. In conclusion, Girolando cows are sensitive to heat stress in tropical condition during warm seasons. Moreover, Girolando cows with genetic composition higher than 3/4 Holstein display reduced thermoregulatory efficiency. Therefore, Girolando cows in tropical dairy farms require strategies to mitigate heat stress according to their genetic composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily vaginal temperature in Girolando cows from three different genetic composition under natural heat stress

Carvalheira

Wenceslau

Ribeiro

et al. 2021

Translational Animal Science

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“…Although several studies [6,13,37] have examined the effects of ambient environmental conditions on the performance of cattle, studies are yet to examine the relationship between environmental variables, such as temperature, humidity, WBGT, and THI and the milk yield, somatic cell count (S CC) in milk, hematological and serum parameters, and serum cortisol concentration of Holstein dairy cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between environmental parameters in livestock pen and physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows

Nohara

Hisaeda

Ono

et al. 2022

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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There has been an increase in temperature and the incidence of extreme weather events, such as heat wave, due to global warming, which has promoted the incidence of livestock diseases. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of changes in environmental parameters on livestock performance. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ambient environmental conditions in livestock pen and the physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows. The results showed that there was a decrease in the red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the cows with increasing pen temperature, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), and temperature humidity index (THI). Additionally, high daily variation in temperature caused a decrease in the serum albumin levels of the cows. Moreover, the lowest serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations were observed in November, and were negatively correlated with the 24 -hr temperature, WBGT, and THI range of the pen prior to sampling. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between serum cortisol concentration and 24 -hr WBGT range of the pen prior to samplings and packed cell volume. However, serum cortisol and total protein c oncentrations were negatively correlated. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that large variation in temperature induced stress in the cows, which could be overcome by increased water consumption and improved protein digestion and absorption by the animals, and the addition of minerals, such as calcium to the diet. KEY WORD blood examination values, cortisol, Holstein dairy cows, temperature humidity index , wet bulb globe temperature .

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“…Productive limitations due to climatic adaptation have only been partially studied from the racial component (Gama et al 2020). However, a complete understood of animals adaptation requires the description of other parameters like body temperature since it is correlated with other physiological variables such as respiratory and heart rate (Vasconcelos et al 2020). Another possibility is to know physiological mechanisms that can be analyzed to provide management alternatives to compensate for climatic alterations and potentiate the physiological responses of animals that can express adaptation mechanisms faster or more efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of environmental and physiological heat load on animal's body temperature is an important parameter to evaluate health status (Liu et al 2019;Vasconcelos et al 2020). Animal's body temperature is traditionally estimated through rectal and vaginal measurements; however, alternative methods like tympanic temperatures (TT) also constitute a reliable measure since some studies reported no statistical difference with rectal temperatures (Sellier et al 2014;Shu et al 2021) and high correlation with vaginal temperature (r = 0.77; Bergen and Kennedy, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of climatic conditions on tympanic temperature and milk production in grazing cows

Vélez-Terranova

Molina

Sánchez

et al. 2021

JABB

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Vasconcelos et al 2020). Animal's body temperature is traditionally estimated through rectal and vaginal measurements; however, alternative methods like tympanic temperatures (TT) also constitute a reliable measure since some studies reported no statistical difference with rectal temperatures (Sellier et al 2014;Shu et al 2021) and high correlation with vaginal temperature (r = 0.77; Bergen and Kennedy, 2000). The differences associated with the anatomical sampling point and its response time were also validated in other studies (Scharf et al 2011;Sellier et al 2014;Godyń et al 2019). TT is an attractive alternative measure Abstract The present study aimed to analyze large volumes of tympanic temperature (TT) data to identify its use as a physiological indicator of climatic conditions and its relationship with milk production in grazing cows under tropical lowland conditions. Three dairy farms and 21 multiparous early lactation cows were included in the study. Seven animals were equipped with tympanic temperature wireless sensors within each farm, and permanent information was collected hourly for 22 days on average. Ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), precipitation (PP), and THI information were obtained from meteorological stations located close to each farm. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations and random coefficient regression models (P < 0.05). TT presented moderate and significant correlations with AT (0.35 to 0.49), SR (0.25 to 0.32), THI (0.35 to 0.49), and RH (-0.35 to -0.49). Climatic variables like AT, PP, SR, and WS were the most contributing factors to TT prediction (R 2 =0.42 to 0.86). Grazing dairy cows in tropical scenarios accumulate heat during the day and dissipate it at nighttime, although higher producing animals deal with more problems to reach thermal homeostasis. Correlations between TT and daily milk production varied according to animal yield; however, higher TT values were related to the most productive cows. The effect of TT on milk production prediction was not conclusive among farms, possibly by animal management or others characteristics of the systems. TT determination through remote sensors allows a reliable diagnosis of the physiological temperature response to climatic conditions.

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Adaptive profile of dairy cows in a tropical region

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Daily vaginal temperature in Girolando cows from three different genetic composition under natural heat stress

Daily vaginal temperature in Girolando cows from three different genetic composition under natural heat stress

The relationships between environmental parameters in livestock pen and physiological parameters of Holstein dairy cows

Influence of climatic conditions on tympanic temperature and milk production in grazing cows

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