Adaptive physiological processes in the host during gastrointestinal parasitism

Hoste, Hervé

doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00167-3

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…First, coccidia are parasites of the gastrointestinal tract, and it is known that pathogenesis of Eimeria spp. (a well-studied coccidia genus) disturbs permeability of epithelial cells and affects absorption of nutriments, including carotenoids ( Yvoré & Mainguy 1972;Ruff & Fuller 1975;Allen 1997a,b;Hoste 2001). Accordingly, a reduction of body mass in infected birds could be expected, as been shown in young turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo; Augustine & Thomas 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carotenoid trade-off between parasitic resistance and sexual display: an experimental study in the blackbird ( Turdus merula )

et al. 2007

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Many parasites depress the expression of the carotenoid-based colour displays of their hosts, and it has been hypothesized that animals face a trade-off in carotenoid allocation between immune functions and 'degree of ornamentation'. While numerous correlative studies suggest that parasite infection decreases the intensity of carotenoid-based colour displays, the existence of this trade-off has never been demonstrated experimentally in a host-parasite model. In this study, we used the blackbird (Turdus merula) and Isospora (an intestinal parasite) to assess whether this trade-off does indeed exist. Blackbirds were supplemented with carotenoids while simultaneously being exposed to parasites. Supplemented males circulated more carotenoids in the blood and developed more brightly coloured bills than unsupplemented males. In addition, supplementation slowed down the replication rate of parasites. Supplementation with carotenoids enabled infected birds to maintain their bill coloration, whereas birds that were infected but not supplemented showed reduced bill coloration. At the same time, infection slowed carotenoid assimilation in the blood. Overall, we demonstrated that bill colour reflects a bird's health, and that only males with a carotenoid-rich diet are capable of coping with costs associated with parasitic infection. Carotenoids are thus traded off between host physiological response to parasites and secondary sexual traits. Further investigations are required to determine the physiological mechanisms that govern this trade-off.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carotenoid trade-off between parasitic resistance and sexual display: an experimental study in the blackbird ( Turdus merula )

et al. 2007

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“…The main hemicelluloses of dicotyledonous plants (both alfalfa and sainfoin) are xyloglucans. A consequence of gastrointestinal parasitism is the possible negative interaction for fibre digestion, possibly explained by changes both of microbiota and of the biochemical environment of the gut induced by parasites (Hoste, 2001). T. colubriformis develop in the proximal part of the small intestine in rabbits (Hoste et al, 1988).…”

Section: Effect Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritive value and anthelmintic effect of sainfoin pellets fed to experimentally infected growing rabbits

Legendre

Hoste

Gidenne

2017

Animal

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Alternative strategies to synthetic chemical drugs are needed in livestock and are a key issue in organic farming today. This study aimed at examining the potentialities of sainfoin, a legume rich in condensed tannins, as a nutraceutical that combines nutritive and antiparasitic effects in rabbits. To test the effect of infection with a helminth (I: infected groups; NI: not infected groups) and the effect of substituting 40% of the alfalfa in a control diet (C) with sainfoin (diet S), four groups of 16 weaned rabbits were arranged according to a 2 × 2 bifactorial design. The sainfoin diet differed from the control by its tannin concentration (1.8% v. 1.0% tannic acid equivalent) and its ADL concentration (84 v. 43 g/kg). For each diet, 16 rabbits were infected with 2125 thirdstage larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and nematode faecal egg counts (FECs) were controlled for 6 weeks. A digestibility trial was performed. After necropsy, adult worms and eggs in utero per female were counted and egg-hatching rate calculated. Growth tended to be lower for S groups than for C groups (38.2 v. 39.5 g/day; P = 0.06). Feed intake was higher for S groups compared with C groups (+5.2 g dry matter/day; P < 0.01), as was the feed conversion ratio (3.2 v. 2.9; P < 0.001), probably in relation to the dietary ADL level. Protein digestibility was reduced in S groups compared with C groups (−6.0 points; P < 0.001), probably associated with the effect of the tannin concentration. Digestibility of hemicelluloses was reduced in infected rabbits compared with non-infected ones (−5 points; P = 0.01). Using the substitution method, the digestible energy of dehydrated sainfoin pellets used as raw material was calculated at 11.12 MJ/kg and digestible proteins at 110 g/kg. The infection did not produce any clinical signs of digestive disorders. No differences were observed according to the diet, neither in the number of adult worms (972; P = 0.50), the number of eggs in utero per female (14; P = 0.95), nor FEC (400 eggs/g; P = 0.57). In contrast, the rate of faecal egg hatching in the S group tended to be lower than in the control (58.3% v. 85.2%; P = 0.08). In conclusion, sainfoin seems to fit nutritive requirements for rabbits, supplies a large quantity of fibre and particularly lignins, and limits the development of nematode eggs in faeces.

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“…Surprisingly, in the current study, the decline in PCV was detected right from the beginning of infection in nematode received sheep. This might be due to the change in appetite in infected animals attributed to hormonal changes like that of gastrin level which affects feed intake (Hoste, 2001).…”

Section: Clinical Responses and Body Weight Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of Ethiopian highland sheep by different infective doses of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> (L<sub>3</sub>): haematological and parasitological parameters, serum protein concentrations and clinical responses

Kelkele¹,

Tolossa²,

Kassa³

2012

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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The study was conducted to examine changes in haematological and their eventual associations with parasitological parameters and clinical responses in experimentally infected Ethiopian highland sheep by increased doses of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3). A total of 24 male sheep were allotted in to four equal groups: a single dose of 2 000, 4 000, or 6 000 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus (L3) was orally administered to animals from the first 3 groups whereas the last group not treated and served as negative control. The faecal egg count (EPG), the body weight as well as haematological parameters (haematocrit and eosinophils counts) and proteinaemia were measured throughout the experimental 13 weeks long period and worm burden and sex ratio were assessed at necropsy. The infection was confirmed by the occurrence of the faecal egg excretion and by the presence of adult worms in abomasums. All Haemonchus infected sheep exhibited a progressive and severe anaemia characterized by marked reductions of haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit, associated with weight loss and growth retardation and on the contrary with strongly and transiently increased eosinophil population compared to control animals (P<0.01). Except for proteinemia, parasitological, clinical and haematological alterations were significantly proportional to the parasite load. Moreover, the eosinophil counts, the adult worm population and the egg excretion positively and significantly correlated together, whereas they were negatively associated with body weight, proteinemia and the other haematological parameters. All experimentally infected animals appeared to be highly susceptible to the infection by Haemonchus contortus and the severity of the haemonchosis was clearly related to the infective dose.

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Adaptive physiological processes in the host during gastrointestinal parasitism

Cited by 63 publications

References 70 publications

Carotenoid trade-off between parasitic resistance and sexual display: an experimental study in the blackbird ( Turdus merula )

Carotenoid trade-off between parasitic resistance and sexual display: an experimental study in the blackbird ( Turdus merula )

Nutritive value and anthelmintic effect of sainfoin pellets fed to experimentally infected growing rabbits

Experimental infection of Ethiopian highland sheep by different infective doses of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> (L<sub>3</sub>): haematological and parasitological parameters, serum protein concentrations and clinical responses

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