Adaptive packet video streaming over IP networks: a cross-layer approach

Abstract

Abstract-There is an increasing demand for supporting real-time audiovisual services over next-generation wired and wireless networks. Various link/network characteristics make the deployment of such demanding services more challenging than traditional data applications like e-mail and the Web. These au diovisual applications are bandwidth adaptive but have stringent delay, jitter, and packet loss requirements. Consequently, one of the major requirements for the successful and wide deployment of such services is the efficient transmission of sensitive content (audio, video, image) over a broad range of bandwidth-constrained access networks. These media will be typically compressed ac cording to the emerging ISO/IEC MPEG-4 standard to achieve high bandwidth efficiency and content-based interactivity. MPEG-4 provides an integrated object-oriented representation and coding of natural and synthetic audiovisual content for its manipulation and transport over a broad range of communication infrastructures. In this paper, we leverage the characteristics of MPEG-4 and Internet protocol (IP) differentiated service frameworks, to propose an innovative cross-layer content delivery architecture that is capable of receiving information from the network and adaptively tune transport parameters, bit rates, and QoS mechanisms according to the underlying network conditions. This service-aware IP transport architecture is composed of: 1) an automatic content-level audiovisual object classification model; 2) a reliable application level framing protocol with fine-grained TCP-Friendly rate control and adaptive unequal error protection; and 3) a service-level QoS matching/packet tagging algorithm for seamless IP differentiated service delivery. The obtained re sults demonstrate, that breaking the OSI protocol layer isolation paradigm and injecting content-level semantic and service-level requirements within the transport and traffic control protocols, lead to intelligent and efficient support of multimedia services over complex network architectures.Index Terms-Content-based rate adaptation, Internet protocol (IP) quality-of-service (QoS), MPEG-4/7, service-aware transport protocols, unequal error protection.

An architecture for federated video processing and online streaming

“…Thereby, the adaptability of the coded sequence is obtained by changing the number of enhancement layers transmitted from the sender side. In the literature, there are several papers summarizing the above concept (e.g., [39] [40]), and extending it for different scenarios such as in-network adaptation with encryption [41] and adaptation of the SVC stteam on a network device [42]. However, concern with the SVC is that it can only achieve bittates in a limited set usually decided at coding time.…”

Using MPEG-21 for cross-layer multimedia content adaptation

“…Dynamic adaptation of the video and intelligent packet scheduling by taking the rate-distortion performance into consideration can be seen as very promising techniques [1,4,21,30]. In addition, adaptive forward error correction (FEC) and packet fragmenting schemes have been proven to increase the quality of the transmitted video [5,24,30].…”

“…The fundamental part of the model, however, is the imple mentation of the TFRC throughput equation (1). It takes the RTT estimation, the packet size and the packet loss event rate as inputs and determines an appropriate transmission rate.…”

Meet In the Middle Cross-Layer Adaptation for Audiovisual Content Delivery

“…The paper proposes also a priority-based Automatic Retransmission reQuest (ARQ) for corrupted RLP at application layer. The work in [18] present a new cross-layer content delivery architecture that is capable of receiving information from the network and adaptively tune transport parameters (e.g., bit rates) and other QoS mechanisms according to the underlying network conditions. The paper describes a service-aware IP transport architecture composed of a dynamic content-level audiovisual object classification model; a reliable application-level framing protocol with fine-grained TCP-friendly rate control and adaptive unequal error protection; and a service-level QoS mapping/packet-tagging algorithm for seamless IP differentiated service delivery.…”