Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography at 120,000 depth scans/s for non-invasive cellular phenotyping of the living human retina

Torti, C.; Považay, Boris; Höfer, Bernd; Unterhuber, Angelika; Carroll, Joseph; Ahnelt, Peter K.; Drexler, Wolfgang

doi:10.1364/oe.17.019382

Cited by 121 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…9(f)). A similar visualization has been presented some years ago using AO-FD-OCT [56]. At an eccentricity of ~8° from the fovea the separation in depth provided by the AO-SLO/OCT instrument enables the visualization of different reflection sites (IS/OS and ETP) within the cone photoreceptor layer that have a different appearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Adaptive optics SLO/OCT for 3D imaging of human photoreceptors in vivo

Felberer

Kroisamer

Baumann

et al. 2014

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:We present a new instrument that is capable of imaging human photoreceptors in three dimensions. To achieve high lateral resolution, the system incorporates an adaptive optics system. The high axial resolution is achieved through the implementation of optical coherence tomography (OCT). The instrument records simultaneously both, scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and OCT en-face images, with a pixel to pixel correspondence. The information provided by the SLO is used to correct for transverse eye motion in post-processing. In order to correct for axial eye motion, the instrument is equipped with a high speed axial eye tracker. In vivo images of foveal cones as well as images recorded at an eccentricity from the fovea showing cones and rods are presented. ©2014 Optical Society of America

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Adaptive optics SLO/OCT for 3D imaging of human photoreceptors in vivo

Felberer

Kroisamer

Baumann

et al. 2014

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…Second, at the high magnification needed to resolve individual cells, subject and/or eye motion is very pronounced and can therefore be a severe problem. While scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and flood illumination systems are capable to record two dimensional images rapidly to minimize these artifacts, the 3D imaging speed of conventional OCT systems is rather limited (even with the use of high speed cameras that provide scan rates of ~200000 A-scans per second) [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo investigation of human cone photoreceptors with SLO/OCT in combination with 3D motion correction on a cellular level

et al. 2010

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We present a further improvement of our SLO/OCT imaging system which enables to practically eliminate all eye motion artifacts with a correction accuracy approaching sub-cellular dimensions. Axial eye tracking is achieved by using a hardware based, high speed tracking system that consists of a rapid scanning optical delay line in the reference arm of the interferometer. A software based algorithm is employed to correct for transverse eye motion in a post-processing step. The instrument operates at a frame rate of 40 en-face fps with a field of view of ~1°×1°. Dynamic focusing enables the recording of 3D volumes of the human retina with cellular resolution throughout the entire imaging depth. Several volumes are stitched together to increase the total field of view. Different features of the three dimensional structure of cone photoreceptors are investigated in detail and at different eccentricities from the fovea.

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“…Shortly thereafter, Pablo Artal's group at the University of Murcia, Spain and Wolfgang Drexler's group at the University of Vienna collaborated to produce the first generation AO UHR OCT using time domain detection (Hermann et al, 2004a). Since then there has been a striking proliferation of AO-OCT instruments based on many different types of OCT systems including time domain en face scanning (Merino et al 2006;Pircher, 2008), high resolution spectral domain OCT (Zhang et al, 2005;Zawadzki et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2006;Bigelow et al, 2007;and Zawadzki et al, 2007), ultra-high spectral domain OCT Zawadzki et al, 2008;Fernandez et al, 2008;Cense et al, 2009;and Torti et al, 2009), and swept source OCT (Mujat et al, 2010).…”

Section: A Point Spread Function Equal To 3 Microns In All Three Spatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AO-OCT systems have be used to image a number of retinal structures such as individual nerve bundles in the nerve fiber layer (Zawadski et al,. 2008;Cense et al, 2009;Torti et al, 2009), the smallest capillaries around the rim of the foveal avascular zone, (Hammer et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2011) as well as single cone photoreceptors (Zhang et al, 2006;Zawadski et al, 2007;Zawadski et al, 2008;Fernandez et al 2008;Cense et al, 2009;Torti et al, 2009) It also has been deployed to study several diseases of the eye such as retinopathy of prematurity (Hammer et al, 2008) and optic neuropathies . Fig.…”

Section: A Point Spread Function Equal To 3 Microns In All Three Spatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Single Cells in the Living Retina

Williams

2012

Frontiers in Optics 2012/Laser Science XXVIII

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A quarter century ago, we were limited to a macroscopic view of the retina inside the living eye. Since then, new imaging technologies, including confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, and adaptive optics fundus imaging, transformed the eye into a microscope in which individual cells can now be resolved noninvasively. These technologies have enabled a wide range of studies of the retina that were previously impossible. Keywordsretinal imaging; confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope; adaptive optics; optical coherence tomography; spatial resolution; ophthalmoscopy The ability to look inside the living human eye is central to our understanding of how the normal eye works and the diseased eye fails. This article focuses on technological advances in the spatial resolution of retinal imaging during the last quarter century and some of the scientific discoveries they have made possible. These advances have transformed retinal imaging from a macroscopic to a microscopic modality in which individual cells can now be resolved. There are many books and review articles that address these advances. Relevant books include Masters, 2001;Porter et al, 2006; Schulman et al., 2004) and review articles include (Costa, et al., 2006;Drexler and Fujimoto, 2008;Fujimoto, 2003;Godara et al., 2010;Hampson, 2008;Miller et al., 2011;Miller and Roorda, 2009; Mojtkowski, 2010;Podoleanu, 2005;Podoleanu and Rosen, 2008;Roorda, 2010; Rossi et al. 2011;and Wilt et al., 2009).It has never been easy to peer inside the living eye. Though several investigators in the 19 th century were aware of the illumination conditions necessary to cause the otherwise impenetrable pupil to glow red, they failed to obtain a clear view of the living retina until Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope (Helmholtz, 1851). Since then, the evolution of this instrument has been punctuated by important, if occasional, technical advances such as adding a camera that could record retinal images on film (Jackman and Webster, 1886).© 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Corresponding Author: David Williams. Conflict of Interest Disclosure: My employer, the University of Rochester, holds intellectual property on which I am an inventor and that pertain to the subject matter of this article.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptVision Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 July 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptSurprisingly, before the late 1980's there were few improvements in optical resolution sin...

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Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography at 120,000 depth scans/s for non-invasive cellular phenotyping of the living human retina

Cited by 121 publications

References 57 publications

Adaptive optics SLO/OCT for 3D imaging of human photoreceptors in vivo

Adaptive optics SLO/OCT for 3D imaging of human photoreceptors in vivo

In vivo investigation of human cone photoreceptors with SLO/OCT in combination with 3D motion correction on a cellular level

Imaging Single Cells in the Living Retina

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