Adaptive MAC Protocols for IoT Edge Computing Architectures with Event-Triggered Traffic

Asteriou, Vasileios; Papadimitriou, Georgios I.; Nicopolitidis, Petros

doi:10.1109/blackseacom52164.2021.9527755

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In [7,17], the authors propose that traffic caused by events could be handled through a hybrid random access/TDMA MAC protocol, where the TDMA is activated only in response to an event, in order to allocate appropriate limited-contention resources for the delivery of event-report frames. The advantage of this approach is that under normal traffic no overhead is imposed on the network, or only minimal when using wake-up receivers, and the mechanism is only activated for end devices that detect the event.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Spatial Scheduling for Event Traffic in LoRaWAN Networks

Asteriou,

Kantelis,

Beletsioti

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Low-Power Wide-Area Networks constitute a leading, emerging Internet-of-Things technology, with important applications in environmental and industrial monitoring and disaster prevention and management. In such sensor networks, external detectable events can trigger synchronized alarm report transmissions. In LoRaWANs, and more generally in networks with a random access-based medium access algorithm, this can lead to a cascade of frame collisions, temporarily resulting in degraded performance and diminished system operational capacity, despite LoRaWANs’ physical layer interference and collision reduction techniques. In this paper, a novel scheduling algorithm is proposed that can increase system reliability in the case of such events. The new adaptive spatial scheduling algorithm is based on learning automata, as well as previous developments in scheduling over LoRaWANs, and it leverages network feedback information and traffic spatial correlation to increase network performance while maintaining high reliability. The proposed algorithm is investigated via an extensive simulation under a variety of network conditions and compared with a previously proposed scheduler for event-triggered traffic. The results show a decrease of up to 30% in average frame delay compared to the previous approach and an order of magnitude lower delay compared to the baseline algorithm. These findings highlight the importance of using spatial information in adaptive schemes for improving network performance, especially in location-sensitive applications.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Spatial Scheduling for Event Traffic in LoRaWAN Networks

Asteriou,

Kantelis,

Beletsioti

et al. 2024

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the work in [23] focuses specifically on mixed regular and event-triggered traffic models, it does not provide details regarding the energy efficiency of the proposed method. Asteriou et al (2021) [24] Spatial Scheduling Proposes a scheduling algorithm for spatiotemporally correlated traffic.…”

Section: Proposes Virtual Collision Detection Of Confirmed Transmissi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [24] the authors mention possible architectures that could be used in event response adaptive scheduling but the MAC layer mechanism is not specified in sufficient detail.…”

Section: Proposes Virtual Collision Detection Of Confirmed Transmissi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A protocol is then chosen to minimize delay and maintain high network performance. This work, notably, takes the event response scenario into account, by using the metadata carried by event packets both in the feedback process Finally, regarding actual scheduling that can improve network service performance in an event response scenario, a spatial scheduler has been presented in [24], based on event epicenter estimation and scheduling of end devices or groups close to the epicenter estimate. However, the underlying MAC mechanism that supports the scheduling has not been sufficiently specified.…”

Section: Proposes Virtual Collision Detection Of Confirmed Transmissi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another issue is the actual scheduler scheme. A previously proposed solution is that in [24], which relies on event epicenter estimation to schedule groups close to the epicenter, but the approach lacks support for general shaped events or multiple events, not leveraging the scheduling capabilities provided by the TDMA MACs proposed in this paper. More sophisticated scheduling algorithms are currently under development to alleviate this issue.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LoRaWAN-Based Adaptive MACs for Event Response Applications

et al. 2022

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Low Power Wide Area Networks have emerged as a leading communications technology in the field of Internet of Things sensor and monitoring networks. In such networks, uplink traffic is characterized as a combination of periodic data reports and event-triggered alarm reports. When an many devices detect an event in a short timespan, a burst of concurrent transmissions can occur, leading to a surge of collisions, and thus severe data delivery performance degradation. In this paper, a hybrid random/scheduled access strategy is proposed for mitigating the impact of traffic-triggering events on network performance. Under periodic report traffic the LoRaWAN standard Class A protocol is in effect, but after an event a TDMA scheme is applied. Three implementations of this strategy are described. The first is a pair of novel MACs for LoRaWAN, allowing (a) synchronization of end devices with the network using the event detection as a crude synchronization point, and (b) the dynamic scheduling of groups of devices. The other two implementations build upon a single-hop and a two-hop previously proposed LoRaWAN-based wake-up architectures, respectively. The above approaches are validated and studied through extensive simulation. The results show improved packet delivery ratio over the Class A MAC. The effect is more prominent as the event propagation velocity increases. The proposed approach also surpasses LoRaWAN in energy per delivered bit for high event propagation velocities. Finally, the novel protocol has a lower hardware and deployment complexity than the wake up radio based alternatives, at the cost of higher energy consumption.

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Adaptive MAC Protocols for IoT Edge Computing Architectures with Event-Triggered Traffic

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Adaptive Spatial Scheduling for Event Traffic in LoRaWAN Networks

Adaptive Spatial Scheduling for Event Traffic in LoRaWAN Networks

LoRaWAN-Based Adaptive MACs for Event Response Applications

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