Adaptive loss of color polymorphism and character displacements in sympatric Mnais damselflies

Tsubaki, Yoshitaka; Okuyama, Hisashi

doi:10.1007/s10682-015-9778-3

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To confirm this explanation, however, we need to compare microhabitat preference and reproductive behavior of Mnais damselflies between sympatric and allopatric populations in future studies. In support of this explanation, we found that both M. costalis and M. pruinosa have similar preference for semi-shady forest environments in allopatry and they show microhabitat segregation only when they are sympatric (Tsubaki & Okuyama, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Smaller damselflies have better flight performance at lower body temperature: implications for microhabitat segregation of sympatricMnaisdamselflies

Okuyama

Samejima

Tsubaki

2015

International Journal of Odonatology

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In many cases where two closely related species coexist, ecological interaction or reproductive interference drive species to diversify in their body size and/or other signal traits, often concurrently with microhabitat segregation. However, it is usually unclear how character diversification is associated with microhabitat segregation. We performed laboratory experiments using males of two damselfly species (Mnais costalis and Mnais pruinosa) collected from a syntopic site in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. We analyzed the effects of body temperature and body size on three indices of flight performance: wing-beat frequency and flight speed as measures of thrust production, and minimum body temperature for flight (MBTF). The results showed that the MBTF was correlated with body size: the smaller species (M. pruinosa) flew better than the larger species (M. costalis) in a cool environment. The initial flight speed was positively correlated with body temperature, but negatively correlated with body size. The wing-beat frequency was also positively correlated with body temperature, but negatively correlated with body size. The combined effects of body size and body temperature on wing-beat frequency meant that overall, there was no significant difference in initial flight speed. We suggest that the effect that body size and temperature have on flight performance explains the previously documented microhabitat segregation occurring between these two species, with the larger M. costalis preferring sunny environments and M. pruinosa preferring shady environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Smaller damselflies have better flight performance at lower body temperature: implications for microhabitat segregation of sympatricMnaisdamselflies

Okuyama

Samejima

Tsubaki

2015

International Journal of Odonatology

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“…In order to avoid interspecific mating or aggression, presumptive character displacement has been reported in some species, wherein interspecific color differences are larger in sympatric populations than in allopatric populations (Waage 1975;Suzuki 1984;Tynkkynen et al 2004;Hayashi et al 2004b;Hassall 2014;Drury and Grether 2014;Tsubaki and Okuyama 2016). Here I introduce an interesting example of wing color polymorphism in the two closely related Mnais species, M. costalis and M. pruinosa, in Japan (Hayashi et al 2004a, b;Ozono Male of S. speciosum.…”

Section: Wing Color Polymorphism and Presumptivementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Exceptional untransparent white-winged phenotypes have been reported in the Boso Peninsula population of M. pruinosa (Asahina 1976), although these white-winged phenotypes are now almost extinct Ozono et al 2012). Geographic variation of wing color polymorphism is associated with cohabitation (Suzuki 1984;Hayashi et al 2004b;Tsubaki and Okuyama 2016). In allopatric regions, males of both M. costalis and M. pruinosa show orange/hyaline wing color polymorphism, whereas females are all hyaline-winged and monomorphic in both species (Fig.…”

Section: Wing Color Polymorphism and Presumptivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…17.3a). In addition to wing color polymorphism, sympatric populations of M. costalis show larger body size and prefer sunnier habitats than M. pruinosa and allopatric populations of M. costalis, suggesting that multiple character displacements emerged in central Japan to avoid interspecific mating (Tsubaki and Okuyama 2016). In western Japan, however, males of both species are polymorphic even in sympatric regions.…”

Section: Wing Color Polymorphism and Presumptivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Color Vision and Color Formation in Dragonflies

Futahashi

2017

Diversity and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns

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Dragonflies are colorful diurnal insects with large compound eyes. Because they visually recognize conspecific and heterospecific individuals, their body color plays essential roles in ecology and reproductive biology. Here I introduce the recent topics of molecular mechanisms underlying color vision and color formation in dragonflies. Complex wing color polymorphism is recognized among the two closely related Japanese Mnais species, presumably due to stepwise character displacement to avoid interspecific mating. We discovered an extraordinary large number of visual opsin genes by RNA sequencing of 12 dragonfly species. Manual correction after de novo assembly was crucial for determining the exact number and sequence of opsin genes. Each opsin gene was differentially expressed between the adult and larva, as well as between dorsal and ventral regions of adult compound eyes, highlighting the behavior, ecology, and adaptation of aquatic larva to terrestrial adult. The repertoire of opsin genes differed among dragonfly species, plausibly involved in the diversity of the habitat and behavior of each species. We also found that sex-specific yellow-red color transition in red dragonflies is regulated by redox changes in ommochrome pigments, which unveils a previously unknown molecular mechanism underlying body color change in animals. Establishment of the methods of gene functional analyses in dragonflies is desired for future studies.

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“…Studies about colour polymorphism in odonates were principally focused in coenagrionids and calopterygids of the northern hemisphere (e.g. [12][13][14], while few studies have analysed this variability in the South American tropics [15,16], where biodiversity studies are prioritary [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female polymorphism and colour variability inArgia oculata(Coenagrionidae: Zygoptera)

Sanmartín‐Villar

Rivas‐Torres

Gabela-Flores

et al. 2017

Neotropical Biodiversity

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Body colouration frequently possesses a communicative function, particularly in species with colour polymorphism and developed visual systems as odonates, and also affects the conspicuousness of animals in relation to the background. Therefore, these factors can influence colour evolution and its development. The ecology and ethology of Argia oculata (Hagen in Selys, 1865) were studied in three populations with different degrees of habitat alteration. Three different sources of colour variability were found: female polymorphism, female ontogenetic change and daily change in both sexes. All males observed presented the same blue thoracic colouration pattern, without ontogenetic changes. Some of them (6-48%, variable between populations) showed a darkening of the thorax colouration in the afternoon. The frequency of androchrome females (male-like thoracic colouration) showed a negative relationship with human habitat disturbance. These females changed their body colour from bluish to brownish at old ages. Gynochrome females started their adult life with sky-blue thorax, which turned to olive green and finally to brown with sexual maturation. One gynochrome female returned to the immature colouration in late hours of the day. Colour changes were apparently not associated to sunlight intensity or temperature. Behavioural observations suggest that colour variability in females might contribute to reduce or avoid male harassment. We contextualise our findings in the Argia literature and propose physiological and evolutionary mechanisms for their explanation.

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Adaptive loss of color polymorphism and character displacements in sympatric Mnais damselflies

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Smaller damselflies have better flight performance at lower body temperature: implications for microhabitat segregation of sympatricMnaisdamselflies

Smaller damselflies have better flight performance at lower body temperature: implications for microhabitat segregation of sympatricMnaisdamselflies

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Color Vision and Color Formation in Dragonflies

Female polymorphism and colour variability inArgia oculata(Coenagrionidae: Zygoptera)

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