Adaptive Intrinsic Growth Rates: An Integration Across Taxa

Arendt, Jeff

doi:10.1086/419764

Cited by 949 publications

(1,059 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…Studies of the trade-off between growth and mortality rates usually focus on variation among populations, not within populations (Arendt 1997;Mangel & Stamps 2001). Here, we use two phenotypes of the same species that differ genetically in their growth rates, which in turn affects their behaviour and contrasts their relative performance within populations that differ in predation intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predators select against high growth rates and risk–taking behaviour in domestic trout populations

Biro

Abrahams

Post

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

280

291

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Domesticated (farm) salmonid fishes display an increased willingness to accept risk while foraging, and achieve high growth rates not observed in nature. Theory predicts that elevated growth rates in domestic salmonids will result in greater risk-taking to access abundant food, but low survival in the presence of predators. In replicated whole-lake experiments, we observed that domestic trout (selected for high growth rates) took greater risks while foraging and grew faster than a wild strain. However, survival consequences for greater growth rates depended upon the predation environment. Domestic trout experienced greater survival when risk was low, but lower survival when risk was high. This suggests that animals with high intrinsic growth rates are selected against in populations with abundant predators, explaining the absence of such phenotypes in nature. This is, to our knowledge, the first large-scale field experiment to directly test this theory and simultaneously quantify the initial invasibility of domestic salmonid strains that escape into the wild from aquaculture operations, and the ecological conditions affecting their survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predators select against high growth rates and risk–taking behaviour in domestic trout populations

Biro

Abrahams

Post

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

280

291

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is well established that individuals with initially different growth or life-history trait levels may be differently exposed to infections, parasites and production diseases (Arendt, 1997 ;Rauw et al, 1998 ;Moghadam et al, 2001;Kause et al, 2005), confounding the cause-and-effect relation between pathogen burden and reduction in host performance in field datasets.…”

Section: (I) Random Regression Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of tolerance to infections using random regressions: a simulation study

Kause

2011

Genet. Res.

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SummaryTolerance to infections is the ability of a host to limit the impact of a given pathogen burden on host performance. This simulation study demonstrated the merit of using random regressions to estimate unbiased genetic variances for tolerance slope and its genetic correlations with other traits, which could not be obtained using the previously implemented statistical methods. Genetic variance in tolerance was estimated as genetic variance in regression slopes of host performance along an increasing pathogen burden level. Random regressions combined with covariance functions allowed genetic variance for host performance to be estimated at any point along the pathogen burden trajectory, providing a novel means to analyse infection-induced changes in genetic variation of host performance. Yet, the results implied that decreasing family size as well as a non-zero environmental or genetic correlation between initial host performance before infection and pathogen burden led to biased estimates for tolerance genetic variance. In both cases, genetic correlation between tolerance slope and host performance in a pathogen-free environment became artificially negative, implying a genetic trade-off when it did not exist. Moreover, recording a normally distributed pathogen burden as a threshold trait is not a realistic way of obtaining unbiased estimates for tolerance genetic variance. The results show that random regressions are suitable for the genetic analysis of tolerance, given suitable data structure collected either under field or experimental conditions.

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“…Nitrogen is a limiting resource in many ecosystems, and the changes in competitive dynamics between plant species due to increased N can potentially cause broad changes in the composition of native communities (Vitousek and Walker 1989). Native species often are better adapted to lower N levels present in the unaltered ecosystem (Arendt 1997;Hobbie 1992;McLendon and Redente 1992). In contrast, many invasive exotic species are well adapted to exploiting high N sites and have high dispersal rates that allow rapid colonization (Cousens and Mortimer 1995;Maron and Connors 1996;Rejmanek and Richardson 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of invasive Melilotus officinalis in two native plant communities

Riper

Larson²

2008

Plant Ecol

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This study examines the impact of the exotic nitrogen-fixing legume Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. on native and exotic species cover in two Great Plains ecosystems in Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Melilotus is still widely planted and its effects on native ecosystems are not well studied. Melilotus could have direct effects on native plants, such as through competition or facilitation. Alternatively, Melilotus may have indirect effects on natives, e.g., by favoring exotic species which in turn have a negative effect on native species. This study examined these interactions across a 4-year period in two contrasting vegetation types: Badlands sparse vegetation and western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) mixed-grass prairie. Structural equation models were used to analyze the pathways through which Melilotus, native species, and other exotic species interact over a series of 2-year time steps. Melilotus can affect native and exotic species both in the current year and in the years after its death (a lag effect). A lag effect is possible because the death of a Melilotus plant can leave an open, potentially nitrogen-enriched site on the landscape. The results showed that the relationship between Melilotus and native and exotic species varied depending on the habitat and the year. In Badlands sparse vegetation, there was a consistent, strong, and positive relationship between Melilotus cover and native and exotic species cover suggesting that Melilotus is acting as a nurse plant and facilitating the growth of other species. In contrast, in western wheatgrass prairie, Melilotus was acting as a weak competitor and had no consistent effect on other species. In both habitats, there was little evidence for a direct lag effect of Melilotus on other species. Together, these results suggest both facilitative and competitive roles for Melilotus, depending on the vegetation type it invades.

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Adaptive Intrinsic Growth Rates: An Integration Across Taxa

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 949 publications

References 205 publications

Predators select against high growth rates and risk–taking behaviour in domestic trout populations

Predators select against high growth rates and risk–taking behaviour in domestic trout populations

Genetic analysis of tolerance to infections using random regressions: a simulation study

Role of invasive Melilotus officinalis in two native plant communities

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