“…The presence of XML with a wide range of supporting tools makes is especially easy for the developers to get their design inside the computer. XML-based markup languages are used in several design frameworks such as PaKMaS (Süß, et al, 2000) with its Learning Material Markup Language (LMML), WHURLE (Brailsford, et al, 2002) with a different XML-based language, and a number of recent small AHS (Bonfigli, Casadei, & Salomoni, 2000;Forcheri, et al, 2001;Kurhila, & Sutinen, 2000). The problem with this approach is that it provides too much freedom and too little support for the authors.…”