“…AntColonyOptimization(ACO),abio-inspiredartificialintelligencetechniquehasalsogained attention. The first ant system was proposed by Seridi, Sari, Khadir, & Sellami, (2006) and was successfullyappliedinsolvingtravelingsalesmanproblem.Theoptimizationoflearningpathin educationalhypermediasystemisdoneinsuchawaythatthestructureofthelearningmaterialis representedbyagraphwithvaluedarcswhoseweightsareoptimizedbyvirtualants(learners)that releasevirtualpheromonesalongtheirpath.InHong,Chen,Chang,&Chen,(2007)theadaptation ofthelearningpathisdonetowardsstudent'slearningstyleandoptimizedusingAnt'sAlgorithm. Bonabeau,Dorigo,&Theraulaz,(1999)introducedanapproachtorecommendingthesequenceof e-learningmodulesfordistancelearnersbasedonself-organizationtheory.Thearchitecturethey namedas'educationalwayfindingsupport'thatsupportstherecording,processingandpresentation ofcollectivebehaviordesignedtocreateafeedbackloop,guidinglearnersonsuccessfulpathtowards learninggoalsbasedonant-algorithm.Similartechniquescanbeappliedusingaprobabilisticgraph wherenodesarepedagogicalitems,arcsarehypertextlinkswiththeirassociatedprobabilitiesand studentsplaytheroleofantsthattraversethegraph (Dronetal.,2002,Weber,&Specht,1997, Brusilovsky,Ritter,&Schwarz,1997.Paraschool (Dahbi,Elkamoun,&Berraissoul,(2006),Vanden Berg,VanEs,Tattersall,Janssen,Manderveld,Brouns,&Koper,(2005)appliedtheACOheuristics topedagogicmaterialnavigationproblem,andValigiani,Biojout,Jamont,Lutton,&Collet,(2005 experimented with an "ant-hill" method which laid the pheromone depending on how students validatedanitem(successorfailure),soastooptimizelearningpathwithdifferentstudentsthathave differentviews.Style-basedantcolonysystem(SACS)bySemet, Lutton,&Collet,(2003), Wang, Wang,&Huang,(2008)isbasedongrouplearningpatternandemployedanextendedant-colony systemapproach.Itisproposedtoconstructausermodelforfindingsuitablelearningpathfrom graph-basedpathstructureforsolvingmostglobaloptimalproblem.…”