Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients: The CAPTURE study

Abstract

SUMMARYThere is a pressing need to characterise the nature, extent and duration of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients and inform risk-reduction strategies and preserve cancer outcomes. CAPTURE is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of cancer patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) integrating longitudinal immune profiling and clinical annotation. We evaluated 529 blood samples and 1051 oronasopharyngeal swabs from 144 cancer patients and 73 HCWs and correlated with >200 clinical variables. In patients with solid cancers and HCWs, S1-reactive and neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detectable five months post-infection. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were detected, and CD4+ T-cell responses correlated with S1 antibody levels. Patients with haematological malignancies had impaired but partially compensated immune responses. Overall, cancer stage, disease status, and therapies did not correlate with immune responses. These findings have implications for understanding individual risks and potential effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the cancer population.

The prevalence of adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and reinfection after recovery – a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 9 706 records were identified from database searches and a final 54 studies (8-12, 16, 17, 24-26, 28-30, 44-84) from 18 countries were included after exclusion of ineligible studies (Fig. 1).…”

“…Data from 26 studies (8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 17, 29, 47, 49-53, 56, 57, 60, 63, 64, 67, 69, 71, 75, 78, 81, 82, 84), with 3092 participants were available for evaluation of the prevalence of detectable IgG after recovery. The pooled prevalence of detectable IgG after recovery was 89.0% (95%CI 72.8 – 99.0, I 2 =89.7%, p<0.01, 8 studies) within 1 month, 92.6% (95%CI 86.9 – 96.9, I 2 =57.7%, p<0.01, 4 studies) at >1 - <3 months, 91.4% (95%CI 84.5-96.3, I 2 =84.3%, p<0.01, 9 studies) at 3-<6 months and 90.4% (95%CI 72.2-99.9, I 2 =89.0%, p<0.01, 5 studies) beyond 6 months (Fig 3 and Supplementary Figs.…”

“…Twelve studies (16, 17, 47, 49, 53, 57, 60, 67, 71, 75, 78, 81) with a total of 1008 participants reported data on the prevalence of detectable IgM after recovery from COVID-19. As expected, the pooled prevalence of detectable IgM showed a downward trend with time and was 84.3% (95%CI 60.0 – 100.0, I 2 =84.3%, p<0.01, 6 studies) within 1 month, 31.9% (95%CI 6.0 – 64.6, I 2 =95.6%, p<0.01, 4 studies) at 1 to <3 months and findings from two studies (16, 69) showed a prevalence between 51.6%- 61.4% at 3-<6 months (Fig 3 and Supplementary Figs. 5-7).…”

“…Even though antibodies are necessary for sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2, there is an increasing understanding of the role played by both cellular and humoral components of the adaptive immune response in fighting off infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (9,(14)(15)(16)(17). Although the cellular immune response usually lags behind the humoral immune response by several days, there is evidence that even when there are no circulating antibodies, circulating memory T cells provide protection against clinical disease and death from infection by the hepatitis B virus (18).…”

Vaccination of cancer patients against COVID-19: towards the end of a dilemma

“…In a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of cancer patients with COVID-19 and health care workers (CAPTURE) by Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, S1-reactive and neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected even five months post-infection and CD4 + T-cell responses correlated well with S1 antibody levels [ 17 ]. Patients with haematological malignancies were found to have impaired but partially compensated immune responses.…”