Adaptive immune response in symptomatic and asymptomatic enteric protozoal infection: evidence for a determining role of parasite genetic heterogeneity in host immunity to human giardiasis

Babaei, Zahra; Malihi, Najmeh; Ziaali, Naser; Sharifi, Iraj; Mohammadi, Mohammad Ali; Kagnoff, Martin F.; Eckmann, Lars; Singer, Steven M.; Solaymani-Mohammadi, Shahram

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2016.06.009

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…No mixed infections at intra-genotype levels (AI+AII) were detected. Collectively, these findings are consistent with our previous observations that G. duodenalis assemblage A (AI) was the dominant parasite found in the Kerman area of central Iran (Babaei et al, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A 432-bp fragment within the gdh locus of G. duodenalis was amplified directly from stools of human subjects using primers GDHeF, GDHiF and GDHiR as described before (Babaei et al, 2011; Babaei et al, 2016). The PCR amplicons were the same size for both assemblages A and B parasites (Figure 2A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 476-bp (assemblage A) and a 140-bp (assemblage B) fragment within the tpi locus of G. duodenalis were amplified using specific primers as described earlier (Babaei et al, 2016). The subsequent digestion of the PCR products with the restriction enzyme Rsa I resulted in fragments of 437- and 15-bp for the AI genotype and 235-, 232-, and 15-bp for the AII genotype (Figure 2C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten microliters of the PCR products resulting from the amplification of the gdh locus of G. duodenalis were digested with 5 U of BspL I ( Nla IV; Fermentas, St. Leon-Rot, Germany) in 1× Tango buffer for 2 h at 37°C in order to distinguish between assemblages A (AI/AII) and B as described before (Amar et al, 2002; Babaei et al, 2016). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The semi-nested stool-based PCR assay targeting the tpi locus of G. duodenalis was performed as described earlier (Babaei et al, 2016). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stool antigen immunodetection for diagnosis of Giardia duodenalis infection in human subjects with HIV and cancer

Nooshadokht

Kalantari-Khandani

Sharifi

et al. 2017

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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Human infection with the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is one the most common parasitic diseases worldwide. Higher incidence rates of giardiasis have been reported from human subjects with multiple debilitating chronic conditions, including hypogammaglobulinemia and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). In the current study, stool specimens were collected from 199 individuals diagnosed with HIV or cancer and immunocompetent subjects. The sensitivity of microscopy-based detection on fresh stool preparations, trichrome staining and stool antigen immunodetection for the diagnosis of G. duodenalis were 36%, 45.5% and 100%, respectively when compared with a highly sensitive stool-based PCR method as the gold standard. Further multilocus molecular analyses using glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) demonstrated that the AI genotype of G. duodenalis was the most prevalent, followed by the AII genotype and mixed (AI+B) infections. We concluded that stool antigen immunodetection-based immunoassays and stool-based PCR amplification had comparable sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of G. duodenalis infections in these populations. Stool antigen detection-based diagnostic modalities are rapid and accurate and may offer alternatives to conventional microscopy and PCR-based diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of G. duodenalis in human subjects living with HIV or cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The semi-nested stool-based PCR assay targeting the tpi locus of G. duodenalis was performed as described earlier (Babaei et al, 2016). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Stool antigen immunodetection for diagnosis of Giardia duodenalis infection in human subjects with HIV and cancer

Nooshadokht

Kalantari-Khandani

Sharifi

et al. 2017

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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Nested PCR targeting intergenic spacer (IGS) in genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic infected Egyptian school children

et al. 2016

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Distinct sequences of Giardia duodenalis assemblages raised the hypothesis that certain assemblages may contribute to its clinical outcome. However, sequences analysis is time consuming, expensive, and needs many manual operations. Nested PCR targeting intergenic spacer (IGS) region was applied successfully to genotype G. duodenalis. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of G. duodenalis assemblages among giardiasis school children and its relation to the presence of symptoms using nested IGS/PCR. Of 65 microscopically confirmed Giardia-positive samples, 65 samples were genotyped proving high sensitivity (92.3%) of IGS/PCR. Negative IGS/PCR samples were also negative for β-giardin gene. Subassemblage AI was the commonest with 66.6% (20/30) among asymptomatic children compared to 53.3% (16/30) of symptomatic, while assemblage B was found in 40% (12/30) of symptomatic compared to 20% (6/30) of asymptomatic. The difference was significant. AII was only found in asymptomatic with 13.4% (4/30), while mixed infections (AI&B) were recorded only in 6.6% (2/30) of symptomatic group. A significant relation was found between younger children susceptibility for AI and B infections as presented in 77.7 (12/16) and 83.3% (10/12) of symptomatic, respectively, and 80 (16/80) and 33.4% (2/4) of asymptomatic, respectively. Significant relations were found between AI with intermittent diarrhea and B with chronic. A significant relation was found between assemblage distributions and heavy infection intensity. In conclusion, higher incidence of assemblage B among symptomatic children compared to asymptomatic could denote its possible pathogenic potential.

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Respiratory allergy symptoms and cytokine profiles in the presence of anti-Ascaris antibody in Giardia lamblia–infected children

Fontenele,

de Oliveira Nóbrega,

do Nascimento

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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Adaptive immune response in symptomatic and asymptomatic enteric protozoal infection: evidence for a determining role of parasite genetic heterogeneity in host immunity to human giardiasis

Cited by 24 publications

References 47 publications

Stool antigen immunodetection for diagnosis of Giardia duodenalis infection in human subjects with HIV and cancer

Stool antigen immunodetection for diagnosis of Giardia duodenalis infection in human subjects with HIV and cancer

Nested PCR targeting intergenic spacer (IGS) in genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic infected Egyptian school children

Respiratory allergy symptoms and cytokine profiles in the presence of anti-Ascaris antibody in Giardia lamblia–infected children

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