Adaptive genetic differentiation in a predominantly self‐pollinating species analyzed by transplanting into natural environment, crossbreeding and QST–FST test

Volis, Sergei

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03799.x

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…This observed lack of hybrid breakdown in F2 disagrees with the results of a methodologically similar study in diploid wild barley (Volis, 2011) and raises a question of possible polyploidy effect because emmer wheat is a tetraploid comprising two independently inherited subgenomes. Allopolyploidy is a process of hybridization between different species followed by chromosome doubling or a result of fusion of unreduced gametes of two species.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…The genetic architecture of adaptation to particular environmental conditions and traits involved in adaptive population differentiation can be studied through experimental hybridization between ecotypically differentiated populations and planting of the hybrids together with parents in the common garden or reciprocal-transplant field experiments. Comparison of fitness of several generations of hybrids with parental populations is a way to elucidate the contribution of dominance, genetic linkage and pleiotropic effects of genes under selection to the phenotype (Fenster and Galloway, 2000;Erickson and Fenster, 2006;Johansen-Morris and Latta, 2006;Leinonen et al, 2011;Volis, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic architecture of adaptation to novel environmental conditions in a predominantly selfing allopolyploid plant

et al. 2016

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Genetic architecture of adaptation is traditionally studied in the context of local adaptation, viz. spatially varying conditions experienced by the species. However, anthropogenic changes in the natural environment pose a new context to this issue, that is, adaptation to an environment that is new for the species. In this study, we used crossbreeding to analyze genetic architecture of adaptation to conditions not currently experienced by the species but with high probability of encounter in the near future due to global climate change. We performed targeted interpopulation crossing using genotypes from two core and two peripheral Triticum dicoccoides populations and raised the parents and three generations of hybrids in a greenhouse under simulated desert conditions to analyze the genetic architecture of adaptation to these conditions and an effect of gene flow from plants having different origin. The hybrid (F1) fitness did not differ from that of the parents in crosses where both plants originated from the species core, but in crosses involving one parent from the species core and another one from the species periphery the fitness of F1 was consistently higher than that of the periphery-originated parent. Plant fitness in the next two generations (F2 and F3) did not differ from the F1, suggesting that effects of epistatic interactions between recombining and segregating alleles of genes contributing to fitness were minor or absent. The observed low importance of epistatic gene interactions in allopolyploid T. dicoccoides and low probability of hybrid breakdown appear to be the result of permanent fixation of heterozygosity and lack of intergenomic recombination in this species. At the same time, predominant but not complete selfing combined with an advantage of bivalent pairing of homologous chromosomes appears to maintain high genetic variability in T. dicoccoides, greatly enhancing its adaptive ability.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic architecture of adaptation to novel environmental conditions in a predominantly selfing allopolyploid plant

et al. 2016

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“…Nevertheless, our results showed a stronger phenotypic divergence between the desert and the Mediterranean ecotypes than between the two Mediterranean ecotypes (Figs and ), possibly as a consequence of diversifying selection between the two regions. Synchrony in flowering time, which is essential for successful mating and the introgression of new alleles into populations, was found to differentiate the desert type from the Mediterranean type in accordance with previous studies (Verhoeven et al ., ; Volis, ). Grain characteristics (weight and size), which are mostly determined by the investment of the maternal plant and its susceptibility to environmental stress, were found to differentiate between the three clusters while reproductive characteristics (number of grains, number of spikes) were similar for all three ecotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phenotypic landscapes: phenological patterns in wild and cultivated barley

Hübner

Bdolach

Ein-Gedy

et al. 2012

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Phenotypic variation in natural populations is the outcome of the joint effects of environmentally induced adaptations and neutral processes on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. In this study, we examined the role of adaptation in shaping wild barley phenotypic variation along different environmental gradients. Detailed phenotyping of 164 wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) accessions from Israel (of the Barley1K collection) and 18 cultivated barley (H. vulgare) varieties was conducted in common garden field trials. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic data indicated that wild barley in this region can be differentiated into three ecotypes in accordance with their ecogeographical distribution: north, coast and desert. Population differentiation (Q ST ) for each trait was estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian model and compared to neutral differentiation (F ST ) based on 42 microsatellite markers. This analysis indicated that the three clusters diverged in morphological but not in reproductive characteristics. To address the issue of phenotypic variation along environmental gradients, climatic and soil gradients were compared with each of the measured traits given the geographical distance between sampling sites using a partial Mantel test. Flowering time and plant growth were found to be differentially correlated with climatic and soil characteristic gradients, respectively. The H. vulgare varieties were superior to the H. spontaneum accessions in yield components, yet resembled the Mediterranean types in vegetative characteristics and flowering time, which may indicate the geographical origin of domesticated barley.

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“…Pujol and Pannell (2008) found a reduced potential to respond to selection after expansion and lower neutral genetic variation in edge populations. However, peripheral populations demonstrated improved adaptive potential if gene flow was occurring between differentiated peripheral populations (Lavergne and Molofsky, 2007;Sexton et al, 2011;Volis, 2011). Potential positive effects of gene flow among peripheral populations include creation of new combinations of alleles with enhanced fitness (Volis, 2011) and purging of deleterious mutations that lead to inbreeding depression (Pujol et al, 2009;Facon et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction beyond a species range: a relationship between population origin, adaptive potential and plant performance

et al. 2014

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The adaptive potential of a population defines its importance for species survival in changing environmental conditions such as global climate change. Very few empirical studies have examined adaptive potential across species' ranges, namely, of edge vs core populations, and we are unaware of a study that has tested adaptive potential (namely, variation in adaptive traits) and measured performance of such populations in conditions not currently experienced by the species but expected in the future. Here we report the results of a Triticum dicoccoides population study that employed transplant experiments and analysis of quantitative trait variation. Two populations at the opposite edges of the species range (1) were locally adapted; (2) had lower adaptive potential (inferred from the extent of genetic quantitative trait variation) than the two core populations; and (3) were outperformed by the plants from the core population in the novel environment. The fact that plants from the species arid edge performed worse than plants from the more mesic core in extreme drought conditions beyond the present climatic envelope of the species implies that usage of peripheral populations for conservation purposes must be based on intensive sampling of among-population variation. Heredity (2014) 113, 268-276; doi:10.1038/hdy.2014; published online 2 April 2014 INTRODUCTION Plant performance and adaptive potential across species rangeThe 'abundant center' model (Sagarin and Gaines, 2002) predicts a decrease in population size toward the species distributional periphery that implies that evolutionarily stable limits of species geographic distributions are shaped by two genetic parameters, effective population size and the amount of gene flow, and that these two parameters are higher at the range center and lower at range margins. According to this concept, species do not expand beyond range edges and plants fail to adapt to local conditions there because of lower genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation in geographically peripheral as compared with core populations and therefore limited availability of locally beneficial alleles in these populations (Mayr, 1963;Hoffmann and Blows, 1994; Hoffmann and Parsons, 1997;Lennon et al., 1997; Keitt, 2000, 2005;Blows and Hoffmann, 2005;Alleaume-Benharira et al., 2006).The 'abundant center' model also has implications for a question of how population position within a species range affects its evolutionary potential, namely, its ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. If peripheral populations have lower genetic variation in potentially adaptive traits than populations at the species core because of strong genetic drift, as predicted by the 'abundant center' model, then their potential for evolutionary adaptation to future changes will be low. On the other hand, if peripheral populations maintain substantial genetic variation in traits conferring adaptation to the specific range conditions, then their evolutionary potential and hence conservation value will be hig...

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Adaptive genetic differentiation in a predominantly self‐pollinating species analyzed by transplanting into natural environment, crossbreeding and Q_ST–F_ST test

Cited by 40 publications

References 100 publications

Genetic architecture of adaptation to novel environmental conditions in a predominantly selfing allopolyploid plant

Genetic architecture of adaptation to novel environmental conditions in a predominantly selfing allopolyploid plant

Phenotypic landscapes: phenological patterns in wild and cultivated barley

Introduction beyond a species range: a relationship between population origin, adaptive potential and plant performance

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