Adaptive gait responses to awareness of an impending slip during treadmill walking

Yang, Feng; Kim, Jae Eun; Munoz, Jose

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.09.005

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Slips, trips, and uneven terrain pose a substantial threat to walking stability and account for more than a quarter of all falls in elderly adults. In response to perturbations, current evidence demonstrates that the neuromuscular system employs several proactive and reactive strategies to return the individual to a state of stability (Yang et al, 2014 , 2016 ). However, the effectiveness of these strategies may deteriorate over the course of aging and in the presence of PD (McCrum et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Dynamic Balance in Young, Elderly and Parkinson's Individuals: A Systematic Review

Siragy

Nantel

2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Introduction: Falling is one of the primary concerns for people with Parkinson's Disease and occurs predominately during dynamic movements, such as walking. Several methods have been proposed to quantify dynamic balance and to assess fall risk. However, no consensus has been reached concerning which method is most appropriate for examining walking balance during unperturbed and perturbed conditions, particularly in Parkinson's Disease individuals. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to assess the current literature on quantifying dynamic balance in healthy young, elderly and Parkinson's individuals during unperturbed and perturbed walking.Methods: The PubMed database was searched by title and abstract for publications quantifying dynamic balance during unperturbed and mechanically perturbed walking conditions in elderly adults and PD. Inclusion criteria required publications to be published in English, be available in full-text, and implement a dynamic balance quantification method. Exclusion criteria included clinical dynamic balance measures, non-mechanical perturbations, pathologies other than PD, and dual-tasking conditions. The initial database search yielded 280 articles, however, only 81 articles were included after title, abstract and full-text screening. Methodological quality and data were extracted from publications included in the final synthesis.Results: The dynamic balance articles included 26 Coefficient of Variation of Spatiotemporal Variability, 10 Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, 20 Lyapunov Exponent, 7 Maximum Floquet Multipliers, 17 Extrapolated Center of Mass, 11 Harmonic Ratios, 4 Center of Mass-Center of Pressure Separation, 2 Gait Stability Ratio, 1 Entropy, 3 Spatiotemporal Variables, 2 Center of Gravity and Center of Pressure, and 2 Root Mean Square in the final synthesis. Assessment of methodological quality determined that 58 articles had a low methodological rating, a 22 moderate rating, and 1 having a high rating.Conclusion: Careful consideration must be given when selecting a method to quantify dynamic balance because each method defines balance differently, reflects a unique aspect of neuromuscular stability mechanisms, and is dependent on the walking condition (unperturbed vs. perturbed). Therefore, each method provides distinct information into stability impairment in elderly and PD individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Dynamic Balance in Young, Elderly and Parkinson's Individuals: A Systematic Review

Siragy

Nantel

2018

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Since the acceleration and deceleration of the treadmill at the experiment start might impose confounding effects 13 , the first 5 strides of the baseline and warning phase and the last 5 strides of baseline and wash-out phase were excluded from the analysis. Thus 200 strides from the baseline and warning phase and 300 strides from the wash-out phase were analysed.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After exposure to a consistent slip perturbation, more pronounced anticipatory adjustments have been reported, e.g. ~2% smaller peak vertical forces, ~20% lower peak braking shear forces 12 and a larger inclined trunk angle 13 . Presenting the perturbation consistently in terms of its nature (slip or trip), side (left or right) or intensity (duration in sec.)…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Only the predictability of the perturbation intensity differed between groups, which was either varied pseudo-randomly or randomly or kept consistent. A motorized treadmill was utilized as it enables to control for potentially confounding effects of gait speed on spatial features of CG 13,20 and to assess gait parameters over a longer period. We hypothesized that young adults adjust their gait purposefully to accommodate the consistent side and nature of the perturbation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anticipatory control of human gait following simulated slip exposure

Swart

Otter

Lamoth

2020

Sci Rep

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Rob den otter & claudine J. c. Lamoth A cautious gait (cG), marked by wider and shorter steps, is typically employed to mitigate expected perturbations proactively. However, it is not well understood if and how cG is informed by the task requirements. therefore, we assessed how cG is adjusted to these requirements. three groups of ten healthy young adults were exposed to a single uninterrupted protocol of treadmill walking that consisted of three distinct phases. Spatiotemporal step characteristics and margins of stability of the unperturbed strides were compared when participants were (i) only warned of a perturbation, (ii) exposed to fifty unilateral (right) slip-like perturbations and (iii) kept unaware of perturbation removal. Only the perturbation intensity predictability differed between groups. This was either kept consistent or pseudo-randomly or randomly varied. Participants walked with wider and shorter steps following the perturbation warning. However, this extinguished in continuing perturbation absence. next, during perturbation exposure, participants shortened the step of the perturbed but increased the step of the unperturbed leg. This did not differ between groups. Finally, participants persisted in displaying CG on perturbation removal, but this extinguished over time. collectively, we show that cG is functionally adjusted to the task requirements. These findings may have practical implications for fall-prevention training. Bipedal gait is a challenging activity, considering that the vertical projection of the centre of mass (CoM) is outside the base of support (BoS) for approximately 80% of the gait cycle 1. In fact, walking involves continuous falling motions, which are caught by a relocation of the BoS during every step. Nevertheless, walking is generally stable and adaptive, as healthy adults are able to adjust their gait continuously to accommodate environmental and task demands 2. However, walking in an environment encountering unpredictable or changing events becomes particularly challenging when the walking performance declines due to natural ageing or pathology 3. As a result, older adults often employ a cautious gait (CG) strategy to safeguard against potential balance loss 4,5. Although this form of anticipatory control has been described as a generic strategy that is characterized by wider and shorter steps 6 , it is not well understood if and how CG is informed by the requirements of the task. The present study addressed how anticipatory control of gait is adjusted to accommodate these requirements. Anticipatory control relies on sensory input and provides the means to identify and proactively accommodate environmental challenges instantaneously 2. Walking on ice is a simple illustration of this, which is typically characterized by wider and shorter steps. These cautious adjustments safeguard dynamic balance and can reduce the need for time-critical, reactive control 7. Putatively, people employ a CG by the necessity of uncertainty (i.e. where, when, and if a perturbation will occur)...

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“…A gait detection mode [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and adaptive filter [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] have been designed to study the regularity of pedestrian kinematics and walking gaits to offset positioning errors. Integrated positioning systems are introduced to offset errors [ 23 ], including IMU/UWB [ 24 ], IMU/WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) [ 25 ], INS/WIFI [ 26 ], and INS/RFID [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Enhanced Kalman Filter for a ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Positioning Coupling Model

Fan

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Aimed at overcoming the problems of cumulative errors and low positioning accuracy in single Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), an Optimal Enhanced Kalman Filter (OEKF) is proposed in this paper to achieve accurate positioning of pedestrians within an enclosed environment. Firstly, the errors of the inertial sensors are analyzed, modeled, and reconstructed. Secondly, the cumulative errors in attitude and velocity are corrected using the attitude fusion filtering algorithm and Zero Velocity Update algorithm (ZUPT), respectively. Then, the OEKF algorithm is described in detail. Finally, a pedestrian indoor positioning experimental platform is established to verify the performance of the proposed positioning system. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the pedestrian indoor positioning system can reach 0.243 m, giving it a high practical value.

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Adaptive gait responses to awareness of an impending slip during treadmill walking

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Quantifying Dynamic Balance in Young, Elderly and Parkinson's Individuals: A Systematic Review

Quantifying Dynamic Balance in Young, Elderly and Parkinson's Individuals: A Systematic Review

Anticipatory control of human gait following simulated slip exposure

An Optimal Enhanced Kalman Filter for a ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Positioning Coupling Model

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