Adaptive distance relaying scheme in series compensated transmission lines

Abstract

The introduction of the capacitance in series with the line reactance adds certain complexities to the effective application of impedance based distance relays. The paper reviews series compensated line protection challenges and proposes the state of art relay with an integrated scheme in harmony with the present power system scenarios Development of the proposed scheme is in the specific area of incorporating the adaptive features like adaptive Relay setting as the compensation level changes in the series compensated lines of the transmission system for optimum reliability. Upon extensive testing on different data set of fault cases with fault resistance and varying percentage compensation level , performance of the developed method ensures that the proposed scheme overcomes the overreach / underreach problem of the distance relay in series compensated lines and is found to be quite promising.

Dynamic Quadrilateral Characteristic-Based Distance Relays for Transmission Lines Equipped with TCSC

“…The communication-based scheme is another philosophy used in protective relaying to meet the TLs' requirements, as proposed in [19][20][21]. An adaptive relay setting algorithm for a series-compensated line with a capacitor protected by Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV) is proposed in [19]. It computes the seen impedance by considering the local and remote end relays' active power, voltage and current.…”

Model Free Traveling Wave Based Fault Location Method for Series Compensated Transmission Line

“…These line parameters may not be correct always and depend on many practical conditions such as weather, age of the conductor, temperature and sag, etc. The online estimation of line parameters accurately is challenging with series compensation [30] due to voltage and current inversions as well as the presence of low-frequency oscillations during faults on lines close to the capacitors [31]. Therefore, the FL accuracy with the techniques as in [17]- [18] and [21]- [28] may not be good enough for SCLs.…”

Optimisation‐based algorithm for constructing first zone of distance protection for flexible power lines

“…The second approach is adopted, e.g. in [18–24]. The authors in [18, 19] propose new adaptive distance relaying schemes based on the derivation of the compensated value of the impedance utilising symmetrical components.…”

“…The algorithms in [20, 21] estimate a voltage drop across the SCD from the local measurements and use it when calculating the apparent impedances, which are then compared to three regions on the complex plane. In [22], the settings of the protection zones' characteristics are adapted to a change in the compensation level of the protected line using the information from remote‐end relays. The authors in [23] summarise the proposed algorithms and present several additional methods to account for the series compensation of a protected line.…”