Adaptive control of a micromachined continuous-membrane deformable mirror for aberration compensation

Luan, Zhu; Sun, Pang-Chen; Bartsch, Dirk-Uwe; Freeman, William R.; Fainman, Yeshaiahu

doi:10.1364/ao.38.000168

Cited by 130 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Equations (7) and (8) describe this relationship where λ is the wavelength of the reference light source, and f is the focal length of the lenses in the lenslet array 5 . Optical phase can be represented as a two dimensional surface over the aperture.…”

Section: Wavefront Estimation From Shack-hartmann Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Beam Control Testbeds

Agrawal

Martínez

2008

AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit

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This paper discusses two optical beam control testbeds developed at the Spacecraft Research and Design Center, Naval Postgraduate School, to evaluate and develop control techniques for jitter and adaptive optics control. The first testbed, a Jitter Control Testbed is used to develop control techniques for optical beam jitter. In the second testbed, the Adaptive Optics Testbed, adaptive optics control techniques are used to control the surfaces of a segmented mirror with the objective of minimizing aberrations in the images. This paper will also discuss the evaluation of different control techniques used in jitter and adaptive optics control.

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Section: Wavefront Estimation From Shack-hartmann Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Beam Control Testbeds

Agrawal

Martínez

2008

AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit

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“…Their expense and size, however, have prohibited many vision scientists from taking advantage of this technology and have also precluded the development of commercial ophthalmic instruments equipped with adaptive optics. Significant reduction in cost and size can be obtained with other corrector technologies, among them liquid crystal spatial light modulators, which are based on the same technology as LCD wrist watches, 1,8 microelectromechanical membranes, 9 and segmented micro-mirrors. 8 …”

Section: Correcting the Eye's Aberrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,9 Also shown is the diffraction-limited MTF for the 8 mm pupil. The area between the normal and diffraction curves represents the range of contrast and spatial frequencies inaccessible with a normal eye, but reachable with adaptive optics.…”

Section: Box 2 the Modulation Transfer Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Imaging and Vision at the Frontiers of Adaptive Optics

Miller

2000

Physics Today

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Vision is a most acute human sense, so it is rather surprising that the very first step in the visual process—the formation of an image on the retina—is often defective. One reason is that the human eye has significant optical defects, aberrations, that distort the passing optical wavefront, blur the retinal image, and degrade our visual experience. Diffraction, which is caused by the finite size of the eye's pupil, is the other reason for blurri-ness. Together, aberrations and diffraction limit not only what the eye sees looking out, but also determine the smallest internal structures that can be observed when looking into the eye with a microscope (see box 1 on page 33). Spectacles and contact lenses can correct the eye's major aberrations, but if all the aberrations could be quantified and corrected while, at the same time, minimizing diffraction, high-resolution retinal microscopy could become routinely feasible—and we might eventually achieve supernormal vision.

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“…The nonlinear response and strong coupling of control channels in the deformable mirror make the deformable mirror used here difficult to drive to a desired surface shape [33,34]. Each actuator produces an electrostatic force to push or pull the mirror surface to form a particular mirror surface shape, and each actuator modulates the whole surface of the mirror.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shape of the reflective membrane is controlled by applying volt-ages between the membrane and the control electrodes. These control voltages are supplied by 8 bit digital The nonlinear response and strong coupling of control channels in the deformable mirror make this deformable mirror difficult to drive to a desired surface shape [33,34]. Each actuator will produce an electrostatic force to push or pull the mirror surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scintillation Control for Adaptive Optical Sensors

Roggemann¹

1999

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Public Reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comment regarding information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for infom 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and Michigan Technological University (MTU) has been investigating strategies for overcoming the effects of scintillation on adaptive optical imaging and laser beam projection systems which must operate in the presence of extended path turbulence. The approach originally proposed under this contract involved using two deformable mirrors to fully conjugate the received or transmitted beam. Our investigations into this concept have shown that implementation details associated with the use of real adaptive optical hardware will likely limit the effectiveness of the two deformable mirror technique. As a consequence, an alternative approach using one deformable mirror was developed, and its performance was investigated. This technique exploits the fact that, under strong scintillation conditions, information about the phase of the beacon field is incorporated in the intensity of the beacon field. Hence, deformable mirror commands which are consistent with all of the intensity measurements available to an adaptive optical system are processed using a new nonlinear optimization-based algorithm. Our studies of the performance of this technique have shown that under conditions of saturated scintillation this new approach significantly outperforms the standard centroid-based processing of the Hartmann sensor measurements. An experiment conducted at MTU has demonstrated the ability to predict a laser intensity pattern in a distant target plane using Hartmann sensor measurements of the field reflected from a deformable mirror. One accepted journal article, and one submitted journal article have resulted from this work, along with three conference papers. In addition, this work forms the basis of a program which is now being conducted with the Airborne Laser Technology Division. that implementation details associated with the use of real adaptive optical hardware will likely limit the effectiveness of the two deformable mirror technique. As a consequence, an alternative approach using one deformable mirror was developed, and its performance was investigated. This technique exploits the fact that, under strong scintillation conditions, information about the phase of the beacon field is incorporated in the intensity of the beacon field. Hence, deformable mirror commands which are consistent with all of the intensity measurements available to an adaptive optical system are processed using a new nonlinear optimization-based algorithm. Our studies of the performance of this technique have shown that under conditions of saturated scintillation this new approach significantly outperforms the standard centroid-based processing of the Hartmann sen...

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Adaptive control of a micromachined continuous-membrane deformable mirror for aberration compensation

Cited by 130 publications

References 7 publications

Optical Beam Control Testbeds

Optical Beam Control Testbeds

Retinal Imaging and Vision at the Frontiers of Adaptive Optics

Scintillation Control for Adaptive Optical Sensors

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