Adaptive checkpointing strategy to tolerate faults in economy based grid

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a fault tolerant job scheduling strategy in order to tolerate faults gracefully in an economy based grid environment. We propose a novel adaptive task checkpointing based fault tolerant job scheduling strategy for an economy based grid. The proposed strategy maintains a fault index of grid resources. It dynamically updates the fault index based on successful or unsuccessful completion of an assigned task. Whenever a grid resource broker has tasks to schedule on grid resources, it makes use of the fault index from the fault tolerant schedule manager in addition to using a time optimization heuristic. While scheduling a grid job on a grid resource, the resource broker uses fault index to apply different intensity of task checkpointing (inserting checkpoints in a task at different intervals).To simulate and evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, this paper enhances the GridSim Toolkit-4.0 to exhibit fault tolerance related behavior. We also compare "checkpointing fault tolerant job scheduling strategy" with the well-known time optimization heuristic in an economy based grid environment. From the measured results, we conclude that even in the presence of faults, the proposed strategy effectively schedules grid jobs tolerating faults gracefully and executes more jobs B. Nazir ( ) 2 B. Nazir et al.successfully within the specified deadline and allotted budget. It also improves the overall execution time and minimizes the execution cost of grid jobs.

Reliability and high availability in cloud computing environments: a reference roadmap

“…The checkpointing approach has attracted significant attention over the recent years in the context of fault tolerance research like studies that have been carried out by [107][108][109][110]. Generally, the checkpoint technique periodically saves the state of an application.…”

A job checkpointing system for computational grids

“…We have conducted different simulation experiments with variation in the total number of faults injected in the grid and measuring the throughput, grid load and the tendency of resources to fail. The proposed system is compared with a recent checkpointing-based scheduling system called CFTGS [14] that depends on the response time and resource fault index when scheduling jobs and uses the fault index of each resource when determining the checkpoint intervals and the number of checkpoints for each job. …”

“…The metrics used in evaluation are throughput, turnaround time, waiting time and network delay. B. Nazir, K. Qureshi and F.G. Khan [14] presented an adaptive fault tolerant job scheduling strategy for grids called CFTGS. Their strategy is checkpointing-based.…”

“…In [13], M. Nandagopal and V.R. Uthariaraj combined the mechanism developed in [14] with Minimum Total Time to Release (MTTR) job scheduling algorithm. Also, when making scheduling decisions, their scheduler depends on using the fault index and the response time of resources.…”

“…So, the resource failure rate (FR) is used in this paper to determine the checkpoint interval and the number of checkpoints instead of using the resource fault index. The scheduler or the broker of the present scheduling systems [5,10,13,14,16] selects resources according to the response time combined with the resource fault index to execute the job. If the selected resource is failed and it is the only available resource that can execute the job at that time, the job must wait for that resource to join the system again and become available.…”