Adaptive changes in central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons in rats following chronic exercise

ÖStman, Ingegerd; Nybäck, Henrík

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(76)90046-4

Cited by 53 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Monoamines increase, decrease, or remain unaltered depending on the type and duration of exercise and whether the exercise was spontaneous or forced. For example, whole brain norepinephrine concentrations increased in rats trained (forced) to swim regularly for 17 wk (29). The synthesis and metabolism of brain stem serotonin also exhibited a significant increase after 4 wk of regular swimming (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phrenicotomy and exercise on hypoxia-induced changes in phrenic motor output

Bach

Mitchell

2000

Journal of Applied Physiology

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To investigate models of plasticity in respiratory motor output, we determined the effects of chronic unilateral phrenicotomy and/or exercise on time-dependent responses to episodic hypoxia in the contralateral phrenic nerve. Anesthetized (urethane), ventilated, and vagotomized rats were presented with three, 5-min episodes of isocapnic hypoxia (11% O(2)), separated by 5 min of hyperoxia (50% O(2)). Integrated phrenic (and hypoglossal) nerve discharge were recorded before and during each hypoxic episode, for the first 5 min after the first hypoxic episode, and at 30 and 60 min after the final episode. Of 36 rats, one-half were sedentary while the other one-half had free access to a running wheel; each of these groups was split into three subgroups: 1) unoperated, 2) chronic left phrenicotomy (27-37 days), and 3) sham operated. Neither unilateral phrenicotomy nor running wheel activity influenced the short-term hypoxic phrenic response (during hypoxia) or long-term facilitation (posthypoxia). Posthypoxia frequency decline was exaggerated in phrenicotomized-sedentary rats relative to unoperated-sedentary rats (change in burst frequency = -23+/-4 vs. -11 +/-5 bursts/min, respectively; 5 min posthypoxia; P<0.05), an effect that was eliminated by spontaneous exercise. The results indicate that neither voluntary running nor unilateral phrenicotomy has major effects on time-dependent hypoxic phrenic responses, with the exception of an unexpected effect of phrenicotomy on posthypoxia frequency decline in sedentary rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phrenicotomy and exercise on hypoxia-induced changes in phrenic motor output

Bach

Mitchell

2000

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Conversely, synthesis of norepinephrine is increased proportionally during chronic stress to maintain homeostasis in the brain. 40 Endurance activities such as swimming 42 and running 43 have maintained or enhanced brain norepinephrine levels. The function of BDNF is to serve as a neurotransmitter regulator in stabilizing mood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

Cairney¹,

Hay²,

Wade³

et al. 2005

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background: Although physical activity (PA) has been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, research on the mental health benefits of PA in older adults is limited. Moreover, the psychosocial factors that might mediate or moderate the relationship between PA and depression in this population are largely unexplored. Methods: Using a sample of adults age 65 and older (N = 2736), we examined whether the major components of the stress process model (stress, social support, mastery, self-esteem) and physical health mediate or moderate the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms. Results: Physical health has the single largest effect, accounting for 45% of the effect of PA on depression. The stress process model, with physical health included, accounts for 70% of the relationship between PA and depression. Conclusions: Among older adults with above average levels of perceived mastery, greater physical activity is associated with higher levels of depression. Limitations and directions for further research are discussed.

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“…Siever comments that several chronic antidepressants lead to a persistent decrease in the resting firing rate of locus coeruleus neurons. Decreases in the resting turnover of NE and possibly in impulse rate in certain peripheral sympathetic fibers have been noted after adaptation to some forms of repeated stress although it is not clear whether this occurs in the CNS as well (Ostman & Nyback 1976;Stone & McCarty 1983;see Anisman & Zacharko). Also U'Prichard and his colleagues have noted similar effects of repeated restraint stress and antidepressant administration on clonidine binding in the rat brain (Reisine, U'Prichard, Weich, Ursillo & Yamamura 1980;U'Prichard & Kvetnansky 1980).…”

Section: Department Of Psychiatry New York University School Of Medimentioning

confidence: 99%

Epinephrine, the neglected catecholamine

Roth

1983

Behav Brain Sci

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Adaptive changes in central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons in rats following chronic exercise

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of phrenicotomy and exercise on hypoxia-induced changes in phrenic motor output

Effects of phrenicotomy and exercise on hypoxia-induced changes in phrenic motor output

Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

Epinephrine, the neglected catecholamine

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