Adaptive Changes in a Strain of<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>during Colonisation of the Human Oral Cavity

Hillman, Jeffrey D.; Andrews, Steven W.; Painter, Stephanie M.; Stashenko, Philip

doi:10.3109/08910608909140225

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In clinical laboratories, phenotypic test kits such as the Rapid ID 32 STREP system (Bio Mérieux, La Balme les Grottes, France) and STREPTOGRAM (Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) are commonly used for identification of streptococci and related genera (18,27). The inherent problem of this approach is the large number of species relative to the limited number of biochemical traits that can be analyzed, the variability of several traits within species (33,35,36,44), the poor reproducibility of some tests (12,17,26,36,44), and the lack of sufficient phenotypic data on more recently described species in the underlying databases. The last problem applies to the species S. cristatus (23), S. peroris, S. infantis (31), S. australis (55), S. sinensis (57), Streptococcus macedonicus (51), Streptococcus infantarius, Streptococcus lutetiensis, Streptococcus gallolyticus (42), and S. pseudopneumoniae (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

2005

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The aim of this study was to evaluate molecular and phenotypic methods for the identification of nonhemolytic streptococci. A collection of 148 strains consisting of 115 clinical isolates from cases of infective endocarditis, septicemia, and meningitis and 33 reference strains, including type strains of all relevant Streptococcus species, were examined. Identification was performed by phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of four housekeeping genes, ddl, gdh, rpoB, and sodA; by PCR analysis of the glucosyltransferase (gtf) gene; and by conventional phenotypic characterization and identification using two commercial kits, Rapid ID 32 STREP and STREPTOGRAM and the associated databases. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of the four housekeeping genes allowed unequivocal differentiation of recognized species and was used as the reference. Analysis of single gene sequences revealed deviation clustering in eight strains (5.4%) due to homologous recombination with other species. This was particularly evident in S. sanguinis and in members of the anginosus group of streptococci. The rate of correct identification of the strains by both commercial identification kits was below 50% but varied significantly between species. The most significant problems were observed with S. mitis and S. oralis and 11 Streptococcus species described since 1991. Our data indicate that identification based on multilocus sequence analysis is optimal. As a more practical alternative we recommend identification based on sodA sequences with reference to a comprehensive set of sequences that is available for downloading from our server. An analysis of the species distribution of 107 nonhemolytic streptococci from bacteremic patients showed a predominance of S. oralis and S. anginosus with various underlying infections.The genus Streptococcus currently consists of more than 50 species, most of which belong to one of six phylogenetic clusters that are revealed by comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. In addition to the pyogenic group, which includes the traditional pathogenic species (i.e., hemolytic streptococci), these clusters are the anginosus group, the mitis group, the salivarius group, the bovis group, and the mutans group (30,34). Many of the species of these five clusters are major constituents of the commensal microbiota of the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract and are occasionally implicated in various pathologies. The anginosus group, formerly called "Streptococcus milleri" in some parts of the world (16), includes three recognized species (Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus) that are primarily associated with suppurative infections of tissues of the mouth and various body sites, including the meninges (9,37,44,54,56). The mitis group currently includes

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confidence: 99%

Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

2005

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“…However, the potential problems inherent in the use of phenotypic tests are that not all strains within a given species may be positive for a common trait (3,24) and that the same strain may exhibit biochemical variability (19,48). Consequently, the routine technique based on phenotypic tests does not allow for an unequivocal identification of certain streptococcal species, in particular those belonging to the S. milleri, the S. mutans and the S. mitis groups (3,14,24).…”

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rpoB Gene Sequence-Based Identification of Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci of the Genera Streptococcus , Enterococcus , Gemella , Abiotrophia , and Granulicatella

et al. 2004

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We developed a new molecular tool based on rpoB gene (encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase) sequencing to identify streptococci. We first sequenced the complete rpoB gene for Streptococcus anginosus, S. equinus, and Abiotrophia defectiva. Sequences were aligned with these of S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. pneumoniae available in GenBank. Using an in-house analysis program (SVARAP), we identified a 740-bp variable region surrounded by conserved, 20-bp zones and, by using these conserved zones as PCR primer targets, we amplified and sequenced this variable region in an additional 30 Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Gemella, Granulicatella, and Abiotrophia species. This region exhibited 71.2 to 99.3% interspecies homology. We therefore applied our identification system by PCR amplification and sequencing to a collection of 102 streptococci and 60 bacterial isolates belonging to other genera. Amplicons were obtained in streptococci and Bacillus cereus, and sequencing allowed us to make a correct identification of streptococci. Molecular signatures were determined for the discrimination of closely related species within the S. pneumoniae-S. oralis-S. mitis group and the S. agalactiae-S. difficile group. These signatures allowed us to design a S. pneumoniae-specific PCR and sequencing primer pair.

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“…These authors reported that this method allowed the distinction between species of staphylococci and streptococci, based on a limited sample of species and strains. In our study, we extended their findings by applying the method to the identification of 66 well-characterized viridans streptococcal strains belonging to 15 species, known to be clinically relevant and difficult to identify by conventional methods (Coykendall, 1989 ;Hardie & Whiley, 1994;Hilman et al, 1989;Kilian et al, 1989;Tardif et al, 1989;Whiley et al, 1990;Beighton et al, 199 1 ;Freney et al, 1992 ;Kawamura et al, 1995). Since tDNA spacers vary in size between species of a given genus by only a few base pairs (Vold, 1985;McClelland et al, 1992), we amplified these spacers using fluorescently labelled primers and analysed DNA fragments by PAGE on a DNA sequencer, as reported previously (Ehrenstein et al, 1996;Maes et al, 1997).…”

Section: International Journal Of Systematic Bacteriology 49mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In the clinical laboratory, the currently available methods of identification of streptococci are based on phenotypic characters, including colonial morphology, growth characteristics and biochemical reactions, such as those assayed in the API Rapid ID32 Strep system (Coykendall, 1989;Hilman et al, 1989;Kilian et al, 1989;Tardif et al, 1989;Whiley et al, 1990;Beighton et al, 1991;Freney et al, 1992). However, intrinsic strain variability and overlapping characters between species frequently leads to equivocal results or inaccurate identification of certain species (Hilman et al, 1989;Kilian et al, 1989;Tardif et al, 1989). Strains of the anginosus and mitis groups are the most problematic in this regard (Coykendall, 1989;Kilian et al, 1989;Beighton et al, 1991 ;Freney et al, 1992).…”

Section: International Journal Of Systematic Bacteriology 49mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of clinically relevant viridans streptococci by analysis of transfer DNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism

Gheldre

Vandamme

Goossens

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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The utility of PCR analysis of transfer DNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism @DNA-ILP) for the identification to the species level of clinically relevant viridans streptococci was evaluated with a collection of reference strains of 15 species of the salivarius, anginosus, mitis and mutans rRNA homology groups. PCR products generated by using fluorescent, outwardly directed, consensus tDNA primers were analysed by electrophoresis on denaturating polyacrylamide gels and by laser fluorescence scanning. Eleven species showed specific and distinct tDNA patterns : Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Strep tococcus pneumonia e, Strep tococcus sanguinis, Strep tococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus criceti and Streptococcus ratti. Indistinguishable patterns were obtained among two groups of species : Streptococcus vestibularis and Streptococcus salivarius on the one hand and Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius on the other. 5. mitis strains produced heterogeneous patterns that could be separated into three groups: a group containing S. mitis biovar 1 and two S, mitis biovar 2 groups, one of which clustered with S. parasanguinis strains while the other showed patterns unrelated to other species. These results agree in part with protein electrophoretic analysis showing that S. mitis biovar 2 strains belong to several streptococcal taxa. In conclusion, PCR analysis of tDNA-ILP holds promise for rapid identification of viridans streptococci that are difficult to identify by phenotypic tests.

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Adaptive Changes in a Strain ofStreptococcus mutansduring Colonisation of the Human Oral Cavity

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

rpoB Gene Sequence-Based Identification of Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci of the Genera Streptococcus , Enterococcus , Gemella , Abiotrophia , and Granulicatella

Identification of clinically relevant viridans streptococci by analysis of transfer DNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism

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