Adapting the Pour-through Medium Extraction Method to Phalaenopsis Grown in Sphagnum Moss

Yao, Huan-Ying; Chung, Ren‐Shih; Ho, Sheng-Bin; Chang, Yao-Chien Alex

doi:10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2167

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, in the Osmocote 1.5 g/ pot, EC increased to a maximum of 3.0 ds/m, resulting in partial root damage because of high fertilizer concentration during summer. Yao [31] showed that as fertilizer concentration increased, pH of the moss after the initial fertilization declined more. This may be the result of the ion exchange between the substrate and the nutrient solution.…”

Section: Soil Ph and Ec Changes Of Sphagnum Moss As Affected By Variomentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth effects of the application of new controlled-release fertilizers on Phalaenopsis spp.

Kim

et al. 2018

Appl Biol Chem

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To develop a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) suitable for nutrient absorption characteristics of Phalaenopsis, four kinds of new controlled-release fertilizer (NCRF 1-4) with different dissolution rates were developed and studied to determine the concentration and amount suitable for growth of Phalaenopsis. To make NCRF, new acryl-based polymers were developed and used as fertilizer coating solutions. In addition, a fluidized bed coater for coating fertilizer was developed and used in this study. To test the growth of Phalaenopsis, 10-monthold Phalaenopsis seedlings were planted in plastic pots (diameter 10 cm) filled with 100% Sphagnum moss and cultivated for approximately 100 days from May 29, 2015, to September 11, 2015. NCRF 1, NCRF 2, and Osmocote, an imported fertilizer, consistently exhibited release patterns of fertilizer nutrients in a directly proportional form; however, NCRF 3 and NCRF 4 displayed a sigmoid-like tendency of fertilizer nutrient release with a slower initial dissolution rate. Furthermore, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weigh, and root weight of Phalaenopsis were the highest when growing in 1.5 g/pot of NCRF 3 fertilizer, and the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil were stable at this concentration of NCRF 3. Based on our results, we suggest that 1.5 g/pot of NCRF 3 fertilizer is the ideal concentration and fertilizer for growing Phalaenopsis.

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Section: Soil Ph and Ec Changes Of Sphagnum Moss As Affected By Variomentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth effects of the application of new controlled-release fertilizers on Phalaenopsis spp.

Kim

et al. 2018

Appl Biol Chem

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“…The pour-through technique for the collection of leachate samples from the root substrate followed that of Yao et al (2008). Sixty milliliters of distilled water was poured evenly over the surface of the moss in pots 30 min after fertigating.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the late 1980s, sphagnum moss has been used as the sole substrate for producing Phalaenopsis in Taiwan. Previous research showed that the pH of the moss in Phalaenopsis containers declines over time (Chen, 2006;Lei, 2007;Peng, 2008;Yao, 2007;Yu, 2004). Some orchid growers consider that this drop in pH may be caused by the decomposition of the moss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acidification of Sphagnum Moss Substrate during Phalaenopsis Cultivation

Yen¹,

Chang²,

Wang³

2011

horts

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Sphagnum moss has been used as the major substrate for cultivating Phalaenopsis spp. in China, Japan, and Taiwan. With a lengthened duration of cultivation, the pH of the moss gradually declines. It is not understood what causes this decline in substrate pH. Using the vegetatively propagated Phal. Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’, this study investigated if substrate, fertilization, light, and plant roots could be the cause of pH decline in the substrate. The results showed that, although increasing fertilizer concentration resulted in a low initial pH (pH measured by the pour-through technique at first fertilization), fertilization itself was not the primary cause of the long-term pH decline. Regardless of whether the sphagnum moss was fertilized, the pH of the substrate without plants increased as time progressed, whereas the pH of the substrate in which living Phalaenopsis plants were growing declined with time. Although the magnitude and course of pH decline were different in various substrates, the pH of sphagnum moss, artificial textile fiber, and pine bark substrates in which living plants were growing declined with time. Whether the substrate was exposed to light (clear pots) or not (opaque pots) had no effect on substrate pH, indicating that algae were not a factor in pH decline. Therefore, the roots of Phalaenopsis may be the major contributor to substrate pH decline during production.

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“…In another study, K was found to result in progressively larger flower size as its rate increased from 50 to 400 mgÁL -1 (Wang, 2007). Increasing N concentration to 400 mgÁL -1 , in conjunction with other minerals, can be detrimental to phalaenopsis (Wang, 2003;Yao, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitrogen and the Various Forms of Nitrogen on Phalaenopsis Orchid—A Review

Wang

Chang

2017

hortte

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Growers realize the importance of nitrogen (N) on the vegetative growth of phalaenopsis orchids (hybrids of Phalaenopsis sp.), but often overlook its influence on reproductive growth. Low N may result in slow plant growth, pale-green leaves, abscission of lower leaves, and few flowers in phalaenopsis. Increasing N concentration up to 200 mg·L−1 promotes leaf growth and increases flower count. High N concentration promotes lateral branching on the flowering stalk, thereby greatly increasing the total flower count and elevating the commercial value. It is important that N be continually applied during the forcing period for best flowering performance, particularly for those that had undergone international shipping. For the vegetative phalaenopsis plants that are induced to flower without being shipped internationally, the N that is already in the plant before spiking provides 43% and the N being absorbed by roots after cooling provides 57% of the total N in the inflorescence at time of visible bud. When insufficiently fertilized or no fertilization is applied during the forcing period, more of the existing N in a plant is mobilized for inflorescence development. Phalaenopsis roots can take up all three forms of N [i.e., nitrate (NO3-N), ammonium (NH4-N), and urea] directly. In two studies, phalaenopsis plants were supplied with the same amount of total N but with varying NO3-N from 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, to 0% (a common N concentration was achieved by the substitution of the respective balance with NH4-N). Plants were smaller when receiving 75% or 100% NH4-N with a tendency of decreasing top leaf width and whole-plant leaf spread as NO3-N decreased from 100% to 0%. Spiking was delayed and spiking rate decreased when plants were grown in sphagnum moss, but not a bark mix, and received more than 50% of the N in NH4-N. As the ratio between NO3-N and NH4-N increased, flowers became increasingly larger. The negative effects of low ratios of NO3-N to NH4-N were more severe in the second flowering cycle. When supplied with 50% or more NH4-N, the absorption of cations by phalaenopsis roots declined, with reduced concentrations of calcium and magnesium in plants, while symptoms of ammonium toxicity appeared, including growth retardation, chlorotic leaves, and necrotic roots. In conclusion, adequate N and its continual supply during both vegetative and reproductive stages are recommended for the best growth and flowering of phalaenopsis. Since phalaenopsis plants prefer N in the NO3-N form, it is suggested that growers choose and apply a fertilizer with nitrate as the major N source.

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Adapting the Pour-through Medium Extraction Method to Phalaenopsis Grown in Sphagnum Moss

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Growth effects of the application of new controlled-release fertilizers on Phalaenopsis spp.

Growth effects of the application of new controlled-release fertilizers on Phalaenopsis spp.

The Acidification of Sphagnum Moss Substrate during Phalaenopsis Cultivation

Effects of Nitrogen and the Various Forms of Nitrogen on Phalaenopsis Orchid—A Review

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