In the context of globalization, the practice of international social governance is at a new turning point. In order to promote the construction of global order, innovative paths of international social governance need to be explored in terms of practice. From the perspective of system construction, the international social governance system is analyzed. The necessity of innovation in international social governance is also analyzed from three aspects: governance structure, governance model and governance system. On this basis, specific innovation paths are proposed, including the diversification of governance subjects, the construction of a community of responsibility and the optimization of governance structures, aiming to promote the reform and construction of the international social governance system and to promote the practice of global governance in a diversified way.