Adapting Indigenous Agroforestry Systems for Integrative Landscape Management and Sustainable Supply Chain Development in Napo, Ecuador

Jarrett, Christopher; Cummins, Ian; Logan–Hines, Eliot

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69371-2_12

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…En relación con la dimensión ecológica y los enfoques de implementación de los SAF: uso del suelo, manejo forestal, conservación de la diversidad y cambio climático; se puede establecer que el desarrollo de investigaciones desde este eje metodológico lleva implícita la preocupación actual por generar tecnologías de uso de la tierra que permitan el manejo forestal desde una perspectiva de diversificación y, con ello, fomentar prácticas sustentables de uso y manejo del suelo (Asare, Afari, Osei y Pabi, 2014;Jarett et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tendencias metodológicas para la implementación de sistemas agroforestales en el marco del desarrollo sustentable: una revisión

Pardo

Vargas

Zafra-Mejía

2022

MYB

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El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer las tendencias metodológicas en investigaciones sobre sistemas agroforestales (SAF), identificando dimensiones, enfoques, diseños y variables ambientales que se implementan en su desarrollo. Se empleo la revisión sistemática de literatura de estudios mundiales publicados entre el 2000 y 2020. Mediante frecuencia de citación, se estimó qué dimensiones, enfoques, diseños y variables ambientales se emplearon principalmente en los estudios. El análisis Chi-cuadrado identificó la asociación significativa entre diseños, dimensiones y variables ambientales; y se aplicó un análisis clúster no jerárquico para establecer la distribución de investigaciones con respecto a zonas geográficas, dimensiones y diseños. Se detectaron cuatro dimensiones de investigación: ecológica, social, económica y sistémica. Los enfoques con mayor citación en los estudios fueron: uso del suelo (0.823), manejo del Bosque (0.784), desarrollo comunitario (0.667), conservación de la biodiversidad (0.604), desarrollo rural (0.585) y cambio climático (0.680). Los diseños agroforestales se agruparon en secuenciales (70.0%) y simultáneos (90.0%) y las variables ambiéntales: edafológicas (84,0%), bióticas (70,0%) y socioeconómicas (60,0%) fueron mayormente citadas en las investigaciones. El análisis clúster determino que la dimensión sistémica se desarrolló en África (50.0%), Asia (26.92%) y Europa (23.07%), y la ecológica en América (50.0%) y Asia (30.01%); la social en África (33.3%) y la económica en Asia (10,2%). En conclusión, la dimensión sistémica predominó en la revisión resaltando el carácter sustentable de los SAF. Además, los enfoques, diseños y variables con mayor citación responden a las necesidades productivas de las comunidades y a las características ecológicas de los ecosistemas donde se gestionan estas tecnologías.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Tendencias metodológicas para la implementación de sistemas agroforestales en el marco del desarrollo sustentable: una revisión

Pardo

Vargas

Zafra-Mejía

2022

MYB

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“…Indigenous People inhabit a quarter of the world's land area and many live in biologically vulnerable environments (e.g., rain forests). Indigenous Peoples hold vital traditional knowledge, and for millennia have sustainably used local natural resources, even in the face of natural disasters (Garnett et al, 2018;Fa et al, 2020;El Bizri et al, 2020;Jarrett, Cummins & Logan-Hines, 2017). And while they represent about five percent of the world's population and protect about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, they account for some 15% of the extreme poor, and their life expectancy is 20 years lower than the life expectancy of nonindigenous peoples worldwide (FAO, 2015;World Bank, 2020d).…”

Section: Conclusion and Key Challenges Aheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future trends in socio-economic, demographic and governance factors affecting global primate conservation

Estrada

Garber

Chaudhary

2020

PeerJ

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Currently, ~65% of extant primate species (ca 512 species) distributed in 91 countries in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, South Asia and Southeast Asia are threatened with extinction and 75% have declining populations as a result of deforestation and habitat loss resulting from increasing global market demands, and land conversion for industrial agriculture, cattle production and natural resource extraction. Other pressures that negatively impact primates are unsustainable bushmeat hunting, the illegal trade of primates as pets and as body parts, expanding road networks in previously isolated areas, zoonotic disease transmission and climate change. Here we examine current and future trends in several socio-economic factors directly or indirectly affecting primates to further our understanding of the interdependent relationship between human well-being, sustainable development, and primate population persistence. We found that between 2001 and 2018 ca 191 Mha of tropical forest (30% canopy cover) were lost as a result of human activities in the five primate range regions. Forty-six percent of this loss was in the Neotropics (Mexico, Central and South America), 30% in Southeast Asia, 21% in mainland Africa, 2% in Madagascar and 1% in South Asia. Countries with the greatest losses (ca 57% of total tree cover loss) were Brazil, Indonesia, DRC, China, and Malaysia. Together these countries harbor almost 50% of all extant primate species. In 2018, the world human population was estimated at ca 8bn people, ca 60% of which were found in primate range countries. Projections to 2050 and to 2100 indicate continued rapid growth of the human populations in these five primate range regions, with Africa surpassing all the other regions and totaling ca 4bn people by the year 2100. Socioeconomic indicators show that, compared to developed nations, most primate range countries are characterized by high levels of poverty and income inequality, low human development, low food security, high levels of corruption and weak governance. Models of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSPs) projected to 2050 and 2100 showed that whereas practices of increasing inequality (SSP4) or unconstrained growth in economic output and energy use (SSP5) are projected to have dire consequences for human well-being and primate survivorship, practices of sustainability-focused growth and equality (SSP1) are expected to have a positive effect on maintaining biodiversity, protecting environments, and improving the human condition. These results stress that improving the well-being, health, and security of the current and future human populations in primate range countries are of paramount importance if we are to move forward with effective policies to protect the world’s primate species and promote biodiversity conservation.

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“…The earliest report of human utilization of this species can be traced back to 500 A.D.; however, its selection and domestication process began only in the late 1600s, when its extensive consumption was known to have been already established [10]. During this elapsed time, guayusa was being intermittently traded among indigenous communities [3], and until the present day has only been cultivated under a smallholder production model, which has shown to strengthen biodiversity conservation [94]. In commercially important crops, up to 10,000 years are needed to achieve full domestication [95], which could explain why guayusa is not yet considered a completely domesticated plant [3].…”

Section: A Moderately Low Genetic Diversity For Ilex Guayusa In the Ecuadorian Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Genetic Diversity of Ilex guayusa Loes., a Medicinal Plant from the Ecuadorian Amazon

et al. 2021

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Ilex guayusa Loes. is a shrub native to the Neotropics, traditionally consumed as an infusion. Despite its cultural value and extensive use, genetic research remains scarce. This study examined the genetic and clonal diversity of guayusa in three different Ecuadorian Amazon regions using 17 species-specific SSR markers. The results obtained suggest a moderately low degree of genetic diversity (He = 0.396). Among the 88 samples studied, 71 unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified, demonstrating a high genotypic diversity. A Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) revealed the existence of two genetic clusters. We propose that a model of isolation-by-environment (IBE) could explain the genetic differentiation between these clusters, with the main variables shaping the population’s genetic structure being temperature seasonality (SD × 100) (Bio 4) and isothermality ×100 (Bio 3). Nonetheless, we cannot dismiss the possibility that human activities could also impact the genetic diversity and distribution of this species. This study gives a first glance at the genetic diversity of I. guayusa in the Ecuadorian Amazon. It could assist in developing successful conservation and breeding programs, which could promote the economic growth of local communities and reinforce the value of ancestral knowledge.

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Adapting Indigenous Agroforestry Systems for Integrative Landscape Management and Sustainable Supply Chain Development in Napo, Ecuador

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Tendencias metodológicas para la implementación de sistemas agroforestales en el marco del desarrollo sustentable: una revisión

Tendencias metodológicas para la implementación de sistemas agroforestales en el marco del desarrollo sustentable: una revisión

Current and future trends in socio-economic, demographic and governance factors affecting global primate conservation

Assessing the Genetic Diversity of Ilex guayusa Loes., a Medicinal Plant from the Ecuadorian Amazon

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