Adapting Artworks for People who Are Blind or Visually Impaired Using Raised Printing

Krivec, Tjaša; Muck, Tadeja; Germadnik, Rolanda Fugger; Majnarić, Igor; Golob, Gorazd

doi:10.1177/0145482x1410800108

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The results of the two-way ANOVA showed that TLD mainly strengthened the operation guiding area of the graphics; under the representation mode where graphics are presented using lines, TLD adds texture to the operation area to the operation area. Krivec et al (2014) suggested that TLD is a good presentation method for tactile graphic simplification, but they only discussed one scale type. However, this study revealed that among the three scales (small, medium, and large), TLD is significantly better than LD under the medium scale because when using the TLD mode in the medium-scale operation area, the shape can be completely presented, which is helpful for identification (Kennedy & Bai, 2002).…”

Section: Identification Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Constituent Elements Affecting the Recognition of Tactile Graphics

et al. 2022

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness

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Introduction Many tactile graphics designed for individuals with visual impairments consider single factors. According to the results of our previous study, there may be interactions among scale, representation, and complexity factors. We conducted this integrative study with these three factors. Additionally, for the representation factor, we introduced a new level that mixed the two common levels (line drawing, (LD), and texture picture, (TP)), into a textured-line drawing, (TLD). Methods We included 18 participants with congenital blindness. They were asked to identify and name tactile graphics. The design of tactile graphics involved three factors, each at different levels, including scale (large, medium, and small), representation (TP, LD, and TLD), and complexity (easy and complex). We recorded the identification time and accuracy and conducted three-way analysis of variance to investigate interactions. Results The identification time for small-scale graphics was shorter than that for large-scale graphics. The accuracy for small-scale graphics was higher than medium-scale graphics. Under the TLD mode, the accuracy for small and medium-scale graphics was higher than that for large-scale graphics. For medium-scale graphics, TLD performed better than LD. Discussion Because the sizes of small-scale graphics were similar to those of actual objects, they were easy to identify. If the TLD mode is used for medium-scale graphics, the components in the operation area can be completely presented, which is helpful for identification. However, if large-scale graphics are used under the TLD mode, the operation area is relatively small and difficult to identify. Implications for Practitioners It is recommended to present objects at 1:1 under the small-scale. Under the medium-scale, the operation area can be presented by closed plains, while non-operation areas can be presented using lines. Under the large-scale, it is recommended to reduce the size of the graphics to an extent where both hands can be used to explore.

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Section: Identification Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Constituent Elements Affecting the Recognition of Tactile Graphics

et al. 2022

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness

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“…Artworks digitization has found a rapid expansion in museums, where it represents a useful tool not only for the insiders, such as restorers and conservators but also for a wider audience as, for example, visually impaired people that can reconstruct the mental image of the work through haptic fruition. The possibility of creating touchable reproductions for blind people was explored from the early nineties favoring the replica of 3D objects, while the challenging creation of representation of 2D artworks such as paintings was mostly realized starting from high resolution images [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Such tactile reproductions of 2D images introduce a bias in the interpretation of the original artwork [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introduction and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiencing the Untouchable: A Method for Scientific Exploration and Haptic Fruition of Artworks Microsurface Based on Optical Scanning Profilometry

Mazzocato

Daffara

2021

Sensors

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The experience of an object derives not only from the sight but also from the touch: a tactile exploration can reveal the smallest information trapped within the surface up to our tactile detective threshold. Starting from the importance of this observation in the case of works of art, this research demonstrates the use of conoscopic holography sensors for high-quality acquisition of the surface of artworks (up to the micro-scale) suitable also to 3D printing. The purpose is twofold, allowing for the tactile use of the artwork, which is otherwise impossible, for visually impaired people and for new use in regard to scientific information purposes. In detail, the workflow to obtain a 3D printed replica of multiscale and polychrome artworks suitable for the haptic fruition is validated, but the potential of the tool as an innovative resource for scientific visualization of the microsurface of the artwork for conservation issues is also demonstrated. The validation was performed on notable Italian masterpieces, such as Donatello’s “Death Cristh” bronze relief in Padua and the Tintoretto painting “St. Martial in Glory with the Saints Peter and Paul” in Venice.

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“…On the other hand, packages need to contain information which communicates [3] how to appropriately store and use the product, and how to transport or recycle the package. Many packages, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, also require the text in Braille format to inform blind or partially sighted users [4][5][6][7]. Frequently, Braille characters appear over the text for sighted users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Braille Cells Influence Legibility of Texts for the Sighted?

2020

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Labels as a graphic product are important for information in declarations, especially for languages of smaller nations. Labels are increasingly required together with their ever more complicated technical performance, one of them being the desire to adapt the text to blind or partially sighted users. We therefore tested the possibility of using a declaration text in black with overprinted Braille cells with no or minor influence on legibility. The research was performed by analyzing the influence of printed cells on the achromatic halftone reproduction. The prints of the text and the overprinted Braille cells were made with a UV LED inkjet printer. Two different typefaces in two different sizes suitable for labelling were tested. The color properties were determined colorimetrically and the differences in the typographic tonal density of typefaces were measured with an image analysis. The legibility research was performed with the help of observers who read the plain printed text and the printed text in combination with overprinted Braille cells made with varnish. The results showed that an appropriate typeface and type size can reduce the influence of overprinted Braille on text legibility.

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Adapting Artworks for People who Are Blind or Visually Impaired Using Raised Printing

Abstract: Everyone has the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community (United Nations, 2012). In Europe and around the globe, many efforts have been made in order to include people with visual impairments and blindness into the cultural life (

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Constituent Elements Affecting the Recognition of Tactile Graphics

Constituent Elements Affecting the Recognition of Tactile Graphics

Experiencing the Untouchable: A Method for Scientific Exploration and Haptic Fruition of Artworks Microsurface Based on Optical Scanning Profilometry

Do Braille Cells Influence Legibility of Texts for the Sighted?

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