Adapting Adaptive Management to a Cultural Understanding of Land Use Conflicts

Skogen, Ketil

doi:10.1080/08941920309180

Cited by 74 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Hence, centralized carnivore management may be considered as a more provocative policy among Norwegians than Swedes, motivating rebellion against central authorities (Muth & Bowe 1998), and leading to Norwegians being more accepting of and willing to commit illegal hunting (Otterlei & Sande 2010;Krange et al 2012). For example, rural men with strong hunting traditions resist carnivore re-establishment, especially the wolf, as an act of cultural or social protest (Skogen 2001(Skogen , 2003Skogen & Thrane 2008). Kaltenborn et al (1998) used the NEP scale to look at how attitudes toward predators were reflected by environmental value orientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, farmers and hunters felt they were excluded from participation and involvement in carnivore management by central authorities (Ericsson & Heberlein 2003;Skogen 2003). In other parts of the world, Lindsey et al (2006) showed how local participation by trophy hunters in Africa contributed to wildlife conservation, while hunters in Wisconsin did not support wolf conservation in their area (Treves & Martin 2011;Bruskotter & Fulton 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental attitudes associated with large-scale cultural differences, not local environmental conflicts

Gangaas¹,

Kaltenborn

Andreassen³

2014

Envir. Conserv.

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SUMMARYSpecies and ecosystems are under constant pressure from a rapidly-growing human population. Human tolerance of carnivores, including the willingness to live in areas with these predators, is key to the success of large carnivore conservation. In the Scandinavian Peninsula, large carnivore populations conflict with human activity; low tolerance among local people may lead to illegal hunting. A survey of 2521 Scandinavian respondents to measure environmental value orientation, using the new environmental paradigm (NEP) scale and attitudes toward large carnivores, revealed attitudes towards the presence of carnivores were not related to carnivore abundance. Nor was there a significant relationship between environmental value orientation and personal experiences with loss of domestic sheep or hunting dogs. Environmental values were mainly explained by country differences; Swedes had a more ecocentric value orientation than Norwegians. Significantly more Norwegians (45 %) than Swedes (19 %) responded that there were too many carnivores in their country. Historic differences in how government is perceived between Norway and Sweden may result in different attitudes towards illegal hunting and towards carnivores. Specifically, Norwegians may hold a more anthropocentric view, based on a suspicion of central authorities, whereas Swedes may hold a more ecocentric view.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental attitudes associated with large-scale cultural differences, not local environmental conflicts

Gangaas¹,

Kaltenborn

Andreassen³

2014

Envir. Conserv.

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“…Previous conflictive interactions will have an influence on the issue of large carnivores which will ultimately be merely one arena within a larger group conflict about the definition of group identities and respective values (see also Wilson 1997, Skogen 2003. The accompanying group-differentiation and reactance processes might entail effects like uncooperativeness and opposition -perhaps even illegal shootings of large carnivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several qualitative studies with this focus find that conflicts about large carnivores are a symptom of greater social conflicts, e.g. about different ideas on land use (Wilson 1997, Nie 2001, between different classes of society (Skogen 2001(Skogen , 2003, urban-rural tensions and different forms of knowledge Krange 2003, Sjölander-Lindqvist 2008) or opposition to nature conservation associations and policies (Skogen et al 2008, Liukkonen et al 2009). …”

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confidence: 99%

Conflicts and Compromises in Lynx Lynx lynx Conservation and Management in Finland

et al. 2009

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Contradictory attitudes towards lynx Lynx lynx management in Finland have emerged as a consequence of rapid growth of the lynx population together with the strict protection and conservation objectives determined by the European Union. In this study, conducted during 2004–2005, we examined local people's and stakeholders' opinions about lynx management through a nationwide survey. We also assessed local people's opinions through comments expressed at public meetings, which were recorded, transcribed and analysed. In general, lynx were seen as an important part of Finnish nature and its biodiversity, but it was also seen as a detriment to sustaining game populations. Hunters who manage roe deer Capreolus capreolus or white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus or hare Lepus spp. populations were especially negative. Hunting and improved public awareness were considered the most effective methods to increase people's tolerance towards lynx and the damage they might cause. Stakeholders were interested in development of the existing damage compensation system and clear rules concerning management of problem individuals. In contrast to hunters, conservationists emphasised the conservation status of lynx and rejected the idea of population regulation through hunting. Many aspects of management were accepted by all stakeholders; other aspects were more controversial. To resolve the conflict between stakeholders regarding lynx management, compromise and cooperation will be required from stakeholders holding conflicting views. This may aid lynx management and also the conservation of the species in Finland in the future.

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“…Qualitative methods are especially useful in uncovering unexpected results that can help to paint rich picture of why and how 2 One notable researcher who is an exception to this rule is Ketil Skogen and colleagues, who have published quite extensive qualitative studies on this topic in Scandinavia (e.g. Skogen & Krange, 2003;Skogen, Mauz, & Krange, 2008;Skogen, 2009Skogen, , 2010. However, limited in-depth qualitative work has been conducted outside of this geographic area.…”

Section: The Human Dimensions Of Global Carnivore Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the human dimensions of coexistence between carnivores and people: A case study in Namibia

Rust¹

2018

Preprint

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Many carnivore populations were in decline throughout much of the 20 th century, but due to recent conservation policies, their numbers are stabilising or even increasing in some areas of the world. This, compounded with human population growth, has caused increased livestock depredation by carnivores, which threatens farmer livelihoods, particularly those in developing countries such as Namibia. How to resolve this so-called "conflict" between carnivores and livestock farmers remains challenging, in part because some mitigation strategies have proven somewhat ineffective or unacceptable. By using a case-study approach on the commercial farmlands of northcentral Namibia, I aimed to understand the complexity of the human dimensions affecting coexistence between carnivores and people in an unprotected working landscape. Specifically, my objectives were to 1) develop a participatory decisionmaking exercise to analyse the views of stakeholders on how they would like carnivores to be managed in unprotected lands, 2) understand how the media framed financial incentives to improve human-carnivore coexistence, and 3) determine if there were any underlying social, economic or political causes of negative human-carnivore interactions on commercial livestock farms.To answer objective 1, I developed a new decision-making exercise that combined Q-methodology and the Delphi technique to determine whether a diverse group of stakeholders could agree on how to manage carnivores on commercial farmland. A strong agreement was reached by participants: providing conservation education and training on livestock husbandry were acceptable and effective ways to improve coexistence with carnivores. This new also method highlighted areas of disagreement between stakeholders and showed that there were two different narratives on how carnivores should be managed. This method could be used by policy makers to help with participatory decision-making for resolving other conservation conflicts.To answer objective 2, I undertook content analysis of national newspapers to determine how the media framed articles on financial incentives to mitigate this conservation conflict. The most common (30%) financial incentive discussed was compensation -many (61%) of these articles framed compensation positively. Niki Rust © 2015However, upon categorising these articles into those where respondents were enrolled in compensation schemes compared with those who were not, a clear pattern emerged: articles were more likely (89%) to be framed ambivalently or negatively when respondents had experience of this financial incentive compared with respondents that did not. These results can help conservationists plan more effective communication interventions and anticipate issues that can affect the success of mitigation strategies.To answer objective 3, I undertook eight months of participant observation on livestock farms and interviewed 69 respondents and found that reported livestock depredation was associated with increased instances of poaching of wildl...

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Adapting Adaptive Management to a Cultural Understanding of Land Use Conflicts

Cited by 74 publications

References 19 publications

Environmental attitudes associated with large-scale cultural differences, not local environmental conflicts

Environmental attitudes associated with large-scale cultural differences, not local environmental conflicts

Conflicts and Compromises in Lynx Lynx lynx Conservation and Management in Finland

Understanding the human dimensions of coexistence between carnivores and people: A case study in Namibia

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