ADAPTED SERVQUAL: A Health Service Quality Scale Incorporating Indicators of Sanitation and Hygiene

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Many scales have been developed to measure health care quality over the years, but no scale available today incorporates all important indicators of sanitation and hygiene in health care. This study therefore assessed the psychometric properties of an adapted scale, hereby called ADAPTED SERVQUAL, in an attempt to provide a scale that includes relevant indicators of hospital hygiene and sanitation. Methods: The setting of the study was low-and medium-capacity hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Patients in wards and outpatient departments in the hospitals participated in the study. We used relevant statistical tools to estimate the psychometric properties of ADAPTED SERVQUAL. To understand the relative importance of the new scale, we compared and related it to a recent scale, HEALTHQUAL. Results: Principal component analysis yielded 6 factors: "tangibles," "reliability," "responsiveness," "assurance," "empathy," and "sanitation and hygiene," which explained 84% of the total variance. ADAPTED SERVQUAL has a good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.96). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 6-factor solution and produced satisfactory discriminant validity and convergent validity indicators. The adapted scale was highly correlated with all dimensions of HEALTHQUAL, including continuous quality improvement (r ≥0.75, P < .001). In multiple linear regression, the 5 domains of HEALTHQUAL explained 59% of the variance in ADAPTED SERVQUAL (P < .001). Conclusions: The study concluded that 8 items that make up a single factor (ie, sanitation and hygiene) and contribute most of the total variance satisfactorily fit into the SERVQUAL scale as additional indicators of health care quality.

A scale for measuring healthcare service quality incorporating patient-centred care and using a psychometric analytics framework

“…Moreover, the present study complements the work of previous researchers who used SERVQUAL. These include Tob on and Arias (2018; n 5 51) and Asiamah et al (2021;n 5 610); the latter extended SERVQUAL by adding items relating to hospital hygiene and sanitation in Ghana. Others have adapted traditional items to new contexts, for instance, Almuhanadi et al (2020) in Bahrein (n 5 520); Lin et al (2021), in Taiwan (n 5 200); and Hou et al (2019), in Datuan (n 5 350).…”

“…Moreover, the present study complements the work of previous researchers who used SERVQUAL. These include Tobón and Arias (2018; n = 51) and Asiamah et al. (2021; n = 610); the latter extended SERVQUAL by adding items relating to hospital hygiene and sanitation in Ghana.…”

Multi‐item unidimensional measurement scale construct: Perceived hygiene development (pHd)

“…Measurement scale SERVQUAL (Babakus & Boller, 1992;Parasuraman et al, 1988) and adapted versions SERVPERF (Cronin & Taylor, 1992) and DINESERV (Knutson et al, 1996;Stevens et al, 1995) included cleanliness and hygiene with shallow approaches. Such a limitation regarding service scales regarding hygiene and sanitation aspects is available in other service domains like healthcare (Asiamah et al, 2021).…”

Evaluación de la percepción de la calidad de los servicios de salud y de la cooperación internacional durante la pandemia COVID-19 en un hospital del caribe colombiano

“…Mientras que en otros países como Ghana, la calidad de los hospitales de baja y mediana capacidad, que fueron cualificados por Asiamah et al (2021), concluyeron que, de ocho factores, solo el de saneamiento e higiene fue punteado, con la mayor contribución para el servicio de salud y de calidad en la atención médica. No obstante, teniendo en cuenta estos países en consideración a la falta de investigación en Latinoamérica, el Caribe y Colombia.…”