“…In general, the Schmidt hammer is a device used to estimate UCS value in determining rock hardness (Aydin and Basu, 2005;Bolla and Paronuzzi, 2021;Mohammed et al, 2020;Saptono et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2017). In recent decades, Schmidt hammers have been used for various purposes, including determining the physical and mechanical properties of rock for evaluating the production of rock cutting machines (Goktan and Gunes, 2005;Mikaeil et al, 2021), determining joint wall strength (Bolla and Paronuzzi, 2021;Sow et al, 2016; Zadhesh and Majdi, 2022), determining discontinuities wall strength (Solak and Tuncay, 2023), determining rock quality in large samples (Briševac et al, 2023), determining drill-Copyright held(s) by author(s), publishing rights belongs to publisher, pp. 45-54, DOI: 10.17794/10.17794/rgn.2024.1.5 ing rate and penetration (Aslan et al, 2022;Ataei et al, 2015), and the Schmidt hammer can even be used to determine the geological dating age of rocks (Matthews and Winkler, 2022;Shakesby et al, 2006).…”