Adaptations, life-history traits and ecological mechanisms of parasites to survive extremes and environmental unpredictability in the face of climate change

Aleuy, O. Alejandro; Kutz, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.006

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, there is a strong possibility that these results re ect a range expansion of this species due to several factors. Trichostrongylid GIN are potentially sensitive to climate change since the part of the life cycle outside the host is very temperature-and moisture-dependent [24]. Range expansion associated with climate change has been suggested for several parasitic nematode species in the strongylid group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Heterogeneity and an Unexpectedly High Abundance of Cooperia Punctata in Beef Cattle at Northern Latitude Were Revealed by ITS-2 rDNA Nemabiome Metabarcoding

Seram¹,

Redman²,

Wills³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundThe species composition of cattle gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) communities can vary greatly between regions. Despite this, there is remarkably little large-scale surveillance data for cattle GIN species which is due, at least in part, to a lack of scalable diagnostic tools. This lack of regional GIN species-level data represents a major knowledge gap for evidence-based parasite management and assessing the status and impact of factors such as climate change and anthelmintic drug resistance. MethodsThis paper presents a large-scale survey of GIN in beef herds across western Canada using ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding. Individual fecal samples were collected from 6–20 randomly selected heifers (n = 1665) from each of 85 herds between September 2016 and February 2017 and 10–25 first season calves (n = 824) from each of 42 herds between November 2016 and February 2017. ResultsGastrointestinal nematode communities in heifers and calves were similar in Alberta and Saskatchewan, with Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora being the predominant GIN species in all herds consistent with previous studies. However, in Manitoba, Cooperia punctata was the most predominant species overall and the most abundant GIN species in calves from 4/8 beef herds. ConclusionsThis study revealed a marked regional heterogenicity of GIN species in grazing beef herds in western Canada. The predominance of C. punctata in Manitoba is unexpected as although this parasite is often the most predominant cattle GIN species in more southerly latitudes, it is generally only a minor component of cattle GIN communities in northern temperate regions. We hypothesize that the unexpected predominance of C. punctata at such a northerly latitude represents a range expansion, likely associated with changes in climate, anthelmintic use, management, and/or animal movement. Whatever the cause, these results are of practical concern since C. punctata is more pathogenic than C. oncophora, the Cooperia species that typically predominates in cooler temperate regions. Finally, this study illustrates the value of ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding as a surveillance tool for ruminant GIN parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Heterogeneity and an Unexpectedly High Abundance of Cooperia Punctata in Beef Cattle at Northern Latitude Were Revealed by ITS-2 rDNA Nemabiome Metabarcoding

Seram¹,

Redman²,

Wills³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The IPCC Report (Smith et al, 2014) along with several other parallel and subsequent studies on climate change (e.g., Denton et al, 2014;Copeland et al, 2017;Morris et al, 2017;NRC, 2019;Aleuy and Kutz, 2020) has revealed that the possible effects of climate change on health and well-being would be realised via multiple, overlapping, and often unpredictable pathways. As Portier et al noted earlier (2010), climate related health issues would include increased risks of injury, disease, and death from extreme weather events.…”

Section: Please Insert Fig 3 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology

Davies

2021

Preprint

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The term diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA) or idiopathic diseases refers to diseases that are of uncertain or unknown cause or origin. Among plausible geoenvironmental (co-)factors in causation of DUA, this article focusses on the entry of trace elements, including metals and metalloids into biological systems, and their involvement in humoral and cellular immune responses, representing potentially toxic agents with implications as co-factors for certain DUA. Several trace elements/metals/metalloids (micronutrients) play vital roles as cofactors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules, thus, conferring protection against disease. However, inborn errors of trace element/metal/metalloid metabolisms can occur to produce toxicity, such as when there are basic defects in the element transport mechanism. Ultimately, it is the amount of trace element, metal or metalloid that is taken up, its mode of accumulation in human tissues, and related geomedical attributes such as the chemical form and bioavailability that decisively determine whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. Several case descriptions of DUA that are common worldwide are given to illustrate our knowledge so far of how trace element/metal/metalloid interactions in the immune system may engender its dysregulation and be implicated as causal co-factors of DUA.

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“…Nematodes are microscopic worms that cause billions of dollars in crop losses annually, and all crops in the world are susceptible to at least one species of nematode parasites ( Bozbuga et al, 2018 ). Nematodes are among the most important and abundant animals in the animal kingdom and are able to survive in any environment ( Aleuy and Kutz, 2020 , McSorley, 2003 ). Plant-parasitic nematodes are the major biotic stressor in crop cultivation ( Treonis et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-parasitic nematodes affecting vegetable crops in greenhouses

Tileubayeva

Авдеенко

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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This work focuses on investigating plant-parasitic nematodes that affect greenhouse vegetables. The study took place in the Rostov region (Russian Federation) between May 2019 and May 2020 and involved 180 samples of soil and roots of 30 different vegetables in the families Cucurbitaceae (6), Solanaceae (8), Umbelliferae (8), Lamiaceae (4) and Allioideae (4) from 20 intensive farming locations. In this study, 11 nematode genera were detected. The most common genus was Meloidogyne, followed by Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, and Scutellonema. The highest Meloidogyne densities were detected in cucumbers, green peppers, carrots, eggplants, basil, and celery. Onions were not infected with Meloidogyne at all. Plant diseases caused by Pratylenchus, Scutellonema and Helicotylenchus were present in 29.7%, 51.5% and 81.6% of all crops examined, respectively. Xiphinema were found exclusively in carrots and celery, while Ditylenchus were only present in tomatoes and carrots (for each, the prevalence was 2.1%). The relative abundance of Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, and Pratylenchus was 58.3%, 10.4%, and 2.1%, respectively. As regards other genera, the relative abundance was less than 1%. The results show that soil properties are as important for the abundance, distribution and structure of the plant-parasitic nematode communities as the host plant. Findings may be helpful in improving the vegetable pest controls.

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Adaptations, life-history traits and ecological mechanisms of parasites to survive extremes and environmental unpredictability in the face of climate change

Cited by 29 publications

References 127 publications

Regional Heterogeneity and an Unexpectedly High Abundance of Cooperia Punctata in Beef Cattle at Northern Latitude Were Revealed by ITS-2 rDNA Nemabiome Metabarcoding

Regional Heterogeneity and an Unexpectedly High Abundance of Cooperia Punctata in Beef Cattle at Northern Latitude Were Revealed by ITS-2 rDNA Nemabiome Metabarcoding

The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology

Plant-parasitic nematodes affecting vegetable crops in greenhouses

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