“…Other important factors contributing to recognition of unaccented and accented English by older L1 listeners are their cognitive abilities and hearing sensitivity. Working memory capacity is a significant variable contributing to the difficulties of older listeners in understanding unaccented English (e.g., Akeroyd, 2008;Anderson, White-Schwoch, Parbery-Clark, & Kraus, 2013;Gordon-Salant & Cole, 2016;Schurman, Brungart, & Gordon-Salant, 2014) and accented speech (Bieber & Gordon-Salant, 2017;Janse & Adank, 2012), especially in noise. Other cognitive measures, such as processing speed and attention/inhibition, relate to perception of speech in difficult listening conditions, such as fast speech or in the presence of noise (Füllgrabe, Moore, & Stone, 2015;Gordon-Salant & Cole, 2016;Janse, 2009).…”