Adaptation to low fertility hill country in New Zealand of white clover lines selected for differences in response to phosphorus

Caradus, J. R.; Dunn, Amara R.

doi:10.1080/00288233.2000.9513409

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In contrast 'Grasslands Tahora' surviving after 8 years did not retain the potential of the original seed line to respond to additional P, and behaved similarly to the resident material. The contribution of the P-responsive 'Huia' genotype to the total 'Huia' population is unknown but may be small, as other work has shown that fertiliser has little effect on the contribution that 'Huia' genotypes will make to the total white clover population (Hart 1986;Caradus & Dunn 2000;Hopkins et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The two high-and low-phosphate responsive clover lines failed to demonstrate a competitive advantage over other lines in the field (experiment 1). Caradus & Dunn (2000) concluded that the selection for high-P response and low-P response populations of white clover in a controlled environment was not effective in producing lasting differences in growth in the field under contrasting P fertiliser additions. The weak significant source × fertiliser interaction and the non-significant trends, shown in experiment 1, demonstrates the high variability associated with the genetic differentiation of low-P sourced material doing better under low-P conditions than material sourced from high P. Germplasm that did achieve high growth under field conditions all had New Zealand parentage and medium to small leaf type morphology known to be well adapted to hill country (Williams & Caradus 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic differentiation in white clover(Trifolium repens)populations during 8 years of contrasting phosphorus supply in New Zealand hill country

Wedderburn

Barker

Chapman

et al. 2005

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Genetic differentiation under the selection force of variable soil P availability was measured in populations of two white clover cultivars introduced to a grazed, low fertility grassland site. The resulting mixed grass-clover pastures subsequently received contrasting levels of phosphorus (P) fertiliser for 8 years. Afield-based reciprocal transplant experiment and two controlled-environment experiments were conducted using plants removed from the 8-year field experiment and appropriate controls to test the hypotheses that: (1) genetic differentiation occurred within the white clover populations in response to variation in P supply; and (2) surviving plants which demonstrated genetic differentiation under high-P conditions would continue to do this when grown in mixtures with plant material removed from unsown pasture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation in white clover(Trifolium repens)populations during 8 years of contrasting phosphorus supply in New Zealand hill country

Wedderburn

Barker

Chapman

et al. 2005

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Furthermore, testing for P use efficiency in the field can be problematic because of the often large spatial heterogeneity of P availability in the soil. In studies on white clover, P use efficiency was found to be heritable under glasshouse conditions, but this turned out not to be the case under field conditions (Caradus and Dunn 2000). On the other hand, successful selection for increased PUE was reported more recently for new soybean varieties, in this case by focussing on root architecture.…”

Section: Genetics and Breeding For Puementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture: opportunities for breeding

Wiel¹,

Linden²,

Scholten³

2015

Euphytica

190

115

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Phosphorus (P) is often an important limiting factor for crop yields, but rock phosphate as fertilizer is a non-renewable resource and expected to become scarce in the future. High P input levels in agriculture have led to environmental problems. One of the ways to tackle these issues simultaneously is improving phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of the crops through breeding. In this review, we describe plant architectural and physiological traits important for PUE. Subsequently, we discuss efficient methods of screening for PUE traits. We address targeted cultivation methods, including solid and hydroponic systems, as well as testing methods, such as image analysis systems, and biomass and photosynthesis measurements. Genetic variation for PUE traits has been assessed in many crops, and genetics of PUE has been studied by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses and genome-wide association study. A number of genes involved in the plant's response to low P have been characterized. These genes include transcription factors, and genes involved in signal transduction, hormonal pathways, sugar signalling, P saving metabolic pathways, and in P scavenging, including transporters and metabolites and/or ATP-ases mobilizing P in the soil. In addition, the role of microorganisms promoting PUE of plants, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is discussed. An overview is given of methods for selecting for optimal combinations of plant and fungal genotypes, and their genetics, incl. QTLs and genes involved. In conclusion, significant progress has been made in selecting for traits for PUE, developing systems for the difficult but highly relevant root phenotyping, and in identifying QTLs and genes involved.

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“…Despite moderate heritability for responses to P application under controlled conditions (Caradus et al, 1992), white clover genotypes selected for improved phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) demonstrated no advantage under field conditions (Caradus, 1994;Caradus and Dunn, 2000), possibly due to a large genotype Â environment interaction on the expression of PUE traits in the field. Therefore, root characteristics may be a more achievable target for improvement of white clover growth at low soil P levels.…”

Section: Selection For Root Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rooting depth and root depth distribution ofTrifolium repens×T. unifloruminterspecific hybrids

Nichols

Hofmann

Williams

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

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Background and aims Traits related to root depth distribution were examined in Trifolium repens Â T. uniflorum backcross 1 (BC 1 ) hybrids to determine whether root characteristics of white clover could be improved by interspecific hybridization.Methods Two white clover cultivars, two T. uniflorum accessions and two BC 1 populations were grown in 1 -m deep tubes of sand culture. Maximum rooting depth and root mass distribution were measured at four harvests over time, and root distribution data were fitted with a regression model to provide measures of root system shape. Morphological traits were measured at two depths at harvest 3.Key Results Root system shape of the hybrids was more similar to T. uniflorum than to white clover. The hybrids and T. uniflorum had a higher rate of decrease in root mass with depth than white clover, which would result in higher proportions of root mass in the upper profile. Percentage total root mass at 100-200 mm depth was higher for T. uniflorum than white clover, and for Crusader BC 1 than 'Crusader'. Roots of the hybrids and T. uniflorum also penetrated deeper than those of white clover. T. uniflorum had thicker roots at 50-100 mm deep than the other entries, and more of its fine root mass at 400-500 mm. The hybrids and white clover had more of their fine root mass higher in the profile. Consequently, T. uniflorum had a higher root length density at 400-500 mm than most entries, and a smaller decrease in root length density with depth.Conclusions These results demonstrate that rooting characteristics of white clover can be altered by hybridization with T. uniflorum, potentially improving water and nutrient acquisition and drought resistance. Root traits of T. uniflorum are likely to be adaptations to soil moisture and fertility in its natural environment.

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Adaptation to low fertility hill country in New Zealand of white clover lines selected for differences in response to phosphorus

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic differentiation in white clover(Trifolium repens)populations during 8 years of contrasting phosphorus supply in New Zealand hill country

Genetic differentiation in white clover(Trifolium repens)populations during 8 years of contrasting phosphorus supply in New Zealand hill country

Improving phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture: opportunities for breeding

Rooting depth and root depth distribution ofTrifolium repens×T. unifloruminterspecific hybrids

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