Adaptation strategies of Ghanaian cocoa farmers under a changing climate

Afriyie-Kraft, Lydia; Zabel, Astrid; Damnyag, Lawrence

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102115

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The vast majority of farmers had indeed heard about listed impacts, although the change in the rate of land erosion and increase in weeds or invasive species are not sufficiency perceived by the respondents. The top three changes perceived by the majority of farmers were increased frequency or intensity of droughts [72], warmer temperatures and heat waves [73], and less reliable water supply (water scarcity) [74]. Education is positively signed and statistically significant with the perception of warmer temperatures and heatwaves, and increased frequency or intensity of droughts, while those farmers with less farming experience are more conscientious about the impact of warming temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Constructed Wetlands to Face Water Scarcity and Water Pollution Risks: Learning from Farmers’ Perception in Alicante, Spain

Ricart

Amorós

2021

Water

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Treated wastewater is constantly produced and relatively unaffected by climatic conditions, while Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are recognized as green technology and a cost-effective alternative to improve treated wastewater quality standards. This paper analyses how farmers consider (1) treated wastewater to face water scarcity risk and (2) CW as mechanisms to face agricultural water pollution in a climate change adaptation context. A survey about climate change perception and adaptation measures was answered by 177 farmers from two irrigation communities near El Hondo coastal wetland and the Santa Pola saltmarshes, both perceived as natural-constructed systems in Alicante, southern Spain. Results highlighted how, even with poor-quality standards, treated wastewater is considered a non-riskier measure and more reliable option when addressing climate change impacts. Overall, physical water harvesting (such as CWs) is the favorite choice when investing in water technologies, being perceived as the best option for users of treated wastewater and those concerned about water quality standards. Consequently, CWs were recognized as mechanisms to increase water supply and reduce water pollution. Policy-makers and water managers can use these learnings from farmers’ experience to identify the main barriers and benefits of using treated wastewater and CWs to address water scarcity and water pollution risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Constructed Wetlands to Face Water Scarcity and Water Pollution Risks: Learning from Farmers’ Perception in Alicante, Spain

Ricart

Amorós

2021

Water

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“…Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) serves as the main cash crop that contributes 25% of earnings in foreign exchange to Ghana's economy [74], as well as providing livelihood needs and well-being to over 800,000 rural Ghanaian families [75,76] and over six million Ghanaians representing about 25% of the population involved in the value chain processes of cocoa production [77]. As a second major cocoa producer, Ghana globally supports its economy through a foreign exchange that boosts Ghana's economy.…”

Section: Cocoa Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Social-Ecological Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Ghana: Application of the DPSIR Framework

Kyere-Boateng

Marek

2021

Forests

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Globally, forests provide several functions and services to support humans’ well-being and the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The services that forests provide enable the forest-dependent people and communities to meet their livelihood needs and well-being. Nevertheless, the world’s forests face a twin environmental problem of deforestation and forest degradation (D&FD), resulting in ubiquitous depletion of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services and eventual loss of forest cover. Ghana, like any tropical forest developing country, is not immune to these human-caused D&FD. This paper reviews Ghana’s D&FD driven by a plethora of pressures, despite many forest policies and interventions to ensure sustainable management and forest use. The review is important as Ghana is experiencing an annual D&FD rate of 2%, equivalent to 135,000 hectares loss of forest cover. Although some studies have focused on the causes of D&FD on Ghana’ forests, they failed to show the chain of causal links of drivers that cause D&FD. This review fills the knowledge and practice gap by adopting the Driver-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) analytical framework to analyse the literature-based sources of causes D&FD in Ghana. Specifically, the analysis identified agriculture expansion, cocoa farming expansion, illegal logging, illegal mining, population growth and policy failures and lapses as the key drivers of Ghana’s D&FD. The study uses the DPSIR analytical framework to show the chain of causal links that lead to the country’s D&FD and highlights the numerous interventions required to reverse and halt the ubiquitous perpetual trend of D&FD in Ghana. Similar tropical forest countries experiencing D&FD will find the review most useful to curtail the menace.

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“…For instance, the relatively low harvests of 2014 and 2015 have been blamed on natural shocks amplified by the El Niño phenomenon, as well as excessively high temperatures and inadequate rainfall (Joerin et al 2018). An alarming econometric analysis indicates that over 90 per cent of cocoa farmers have already been exposed to the adverse impacts of climate change, with severe implications for cocoa production and rural livelihoods (Afriyie-Kraft et al 2020). Manifestations of the effects of climate change on cocoa farms are observable in the amplified prevalence of pest and diseases, wilting cocoa leaves, and high cocoa seedling mortality, which result in low yields (Asante et al 2017).…”

Section: Challenges With the Cocoa Value Chain In Ghanamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Political Economy of the Cocoa Value Chain in Ghana

Teye¹,

Nikoi²

2021

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The cocoa sector has, historically, been the backbone of the Ghanaian economy. Many households depend directly on the cocoa sector for livelihoods, and aspects of the cocoa industry, such as input supplies to farmers and cocoa pricing, have historically featured prominently in national and local politics. This paper examines the basic underlying political economy dynamics of the cocoa value chain, with particular focus on how the interests, powers and interactions of various actors along the value chain have contributed to agricultural commercialisation in Ghana. The paper also explores the challenges affecting the cocoa value chain, social difference within the chain, and how various segments of the cocoa value chain have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana since March 2020.

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Adaptation strategies of Ghanaian cocoa farmers under a changing climate

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Constructed Wetlands to Face Water Scarcity and Water Pollution Risks: Learning from Farmers’ Perception in Alicante, Spain

Constructed Wetlands to Face Water Scarcity and Water Pollution Risks: Learning from Farmers’ Perception in Alicante, Spain

Analysis of the Social-Ecological Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Ghana: Application of the DPSIR Framework

The Political Economy of the Cocoa Value Chain in Ghana

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