Adaptation of tobacco etch potyvirus to a susceptible ecotype of<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>capacitates it for systemic infection of resistant ecotypes

Lalić, Jasna; Patrícia, Ana; Carrasco, Purificación; Elena, Santiago F.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0044

Cited by 33 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Before closing this example, it is interesting to mention that by adapting to the particular ecotype used in this study, Ler-0, TEV-At17 also gained access to other ecotypes that were not susceptible to infection by the ancestral TEV isolate [7,9], thus further broadening its host range.…”

Section: Experimental Emergence Of a New Rna Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The severity of symptoms induced varies widely between species and even between varieties of the same species: from vein clearing, mottling, necrotic etching and plant stunting to less severe symptoms. In a series of evolution experiments [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], we have explored the ability of TEV to expand its host range to a new species that is completely outside its natural host range, the brassica Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Ler-0. Brassicaceae belong to a different order than Solanaceae within the class Magnoliopsida, hence, adaptation of TEV to A. thaliana represents a jump in host species at the taxonomic level of orders.…”

Section: Experimental Emergence Of a New Rna Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary transitions during RNA virus experimental evolution

Elena

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 13 to a theme issue 'The major synthetic evolutionary transitions'. In their search to understand the evolution of biological complexity, John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry put forward the notion of major evolutionary transitions as those in which elementary units get together to generate something new, larger and more complex. The origins of chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms, colonies and, more recently, language and technological societies are examples that clearly illustrate this notion. However, a transition may be considered as anecdotal or as major depending on the specific level of biological organization under study. In this contribution, I will argue that transitions may also be occurring at a much smaller scale of biological organization: the viral world. Not only that, but also that we can observe in real time how these major transitions take place during experimental evolution. I will review the outcome of recent evolution experiments with viruses that illustrate four major evolutionary transitions: (i) the origin of a new virus that infects an otherwise inaccessible host and completely changes the way it interacts with the host regulatory and metabolic networks, (ii) the incorporation and loss of genes, (iii) the origin of segmented genomes from a non-segmented one, and (iv) the evolution of cooperative behaviour and cheating between different viruses or strains during co-infection of the same host.This article is part of the themed issue 'The major synthetic evolutionary transitions'.

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Section: Experimental Emergence Of a New Rna Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Emergence Of a New Rna Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary transitions during RNA virus experimental evolution

Elena

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Plants were maintained in a Biosafety Level-2 greenhouse at 258C and a 16 h light period. Infection status was determined by one step RT-PCR 14 dpi as described previously [31]. Five plants infected with each genotype were selected to initiate the independent evolution lineages.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Generation Of Viral Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of total plant RNA extracts was adjusted to 50 ng ml 21 for each sample and the quantification of viral load was done with real time RT-qPCR [31]. Quantification amplifications were done using an ABI StepOnePlus TM Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems) with the One Step SYBRw Prime ScriptTM RT-PCR kit II Perfect Real Time (Takara) as follows: 5 min at 428C, 10 s at 958C following 40 cycles of 5 s at 958C and 34 s at 608C.…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Generation Of Viral Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient escape from local optima in a highly rugged fitness landscape by evolving RNA virus populations

2016

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Predicting viral evolution has proven to be a particularly difficult task, mainly owing to our incomplete knowledge of some of the fundamental principles that drive it. Recently, valuable information has been provided about mutation and recombination rates, the role of genetic drift and the distribution of mutational, epistatic and pleiotropic fitness effects. However, information about the topography of virus' adaptive landscapes is still scarce, and to our knowledge no data has been reported so far on how its ruggedness may condition virus' evolvability. Here, we show that populations of an RNA virus move efficiently on a rugged landscape and scape from the basin of attraction of a local optimum. We have evolved a set of Tobacco etch virus genotypes located at increasing distances from a local adaptive optimum in a highly rugged fitness landscape, and we observed that few evolved lineages remained trapped in the local optimum, while many others explored distant regions of the landscape. Most of the diversification in fitness among the evolved lineages was explained by adaptation, while historical contingency and chance events contribution was less important. Our results demonstrate that the ruggedness of adaptive landscapes is not an impediment for RNA viruses to efficiently explore remote parts of it.

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