Adaptation of the Token Test in Standard Indonesian

Jap, Bernard A. J.; Arumsari, Chysanti

doi:10.7454/mssh.v21i1.668

Cited by 2 publications

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“…It is important to note that this strategy may not address all issues related to cultural and linguistic diversity. In adapting the RTT into standard Indonesian language, Jap and Arumsari found that the usability of the adapted version is limited for individuals who are using various other Indonesian dialects 46 . Therefore, assessment findings based on the adapted tests must be treated cautiously.…”

Section: Issues On Cultural and Linguistic Diversity In Aphasia Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of aphasia in a culturally and linguistically diverse context: Practices of and challenges faced by speech-language pathologists

Hassan

Heng²,

Kamal

2020

Preprint

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Rationale, aims and objectives: Cultural and linguistic diversity is a major challenge faced by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in conducting evaluation of aphasia, especially in low-resource regions. Without proper consideration of cultural and linguistic issues when adapting English-based language tests to other languages, performance of individual with aphasia may not be valid and reliable. The present study was conducted: (a) to identify the practices of SLPs in conducting aphasia evaluation in Malaysia, which is a country consisting of multiethnic populations, and (b) to determine challenges faced by SLPs when conducting aphasia evaluation involving a diverse group of individuals. Methods: An online survey was distributed to SLPs who are practicing in Malaysia involved in the management of aphasia during the period of data collection. The questionnaire was developed to gather data on participants' background, their practices in evaluating people with aphasia, and challenges that they face related to aphasia evaluation. Proportions were calculated for each item in the questionnaire to determine patterns related to background information, SLP practices and related challenges. Results: Malaysian SLPs were found to gather information about their patients via interviews with caregivers, medical records, and direct testing and observation. Abilities of people with aphasia that were consistently reported to be assessed frequently include auditory language comprehension, verbal expression, repetition of words and sentences, and social communication. Two major challenges identified were linguistic barrier and lack of standardized assessment tools for aphasia evaluation. Conclusions: There are some similarities in terms of SLP practices and challenges faced by the participants in comparison with other studies conducted in diverse contexts. Issues related to cultural and linguistic diversity complicates the development of appropriate resources for aphasia evaluation. Consideration of those issues in development of original and adapted evaluation tools may improve the accuracy of diagnosis, identification of severity, and planning of intervention.

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Section: Issues On Cultural and Linguistic Diversity In Aphasia Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of aphasia in a culturally and linguistically diverse context: Practices of and challenges faced by speech-language pathologists

Hassan

Heng²,

Kamal

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Validation of the abbreviated version of the Token Test in Latin American Spanish stroke patients

Julio‐Ramos,

Mora‐Castelletto,

Conejeros‐Pavez

et al. 2024

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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BackgroundThe abbreviated version of the Token Test (aTT) is widely used to assess language comprehension deficits in stroke patients (SPs). However, aTT has not been validated for Latin American Spanish speakers, so clinicians tend to use cut‐off scores for aTT validated in developed countries.AimsTo provide normative data for the Spanish aTT (Sp‐aTT) in healthy Chilean Spanish‐speaking and SP, determining the influence of sociodemographic variables such as gender, age and education on Sp‐aTT performance.Methods & ProceduresA total of 210 healthy volunteers (age range = 18–88 years) and 197 SPs (age range = 23–94 years), all native speakers of Chilean Spanish, were recruited. The association of age, gender and years of education on the Sp‐aTT performance was analysed. Specificity and sensibility analyses of the Sp‐aTT to diagnose language comprehension deficits were completed.Outcomes & ResultsOnly age (p < 0.001) and years of education (p < 0.001) impacted the total score of Sp‐aTT. Gender did not show an association with Sp‐aTT performance (p = 0.181). For SPs, the Sp‐aTT score showed a significant positive correlation (rho = 0.4, p < 0.001) with the aphasia severity rating scale (ASRS) score. For Sp‐aTT, the area under the curve was 0.97, and the optimal cut‐off score for the Sp‐aTT was 30 (0.73 of sensitivity, 0.92 of specificity and a Youden index of 0.644).Conclusions & ImplicationsAge and years of education are two key factors to be controlled for when determining the optimal cut‐off points for the Sp‐aTT. Our results also highlight the need for language‐specific norms in stroke and aphasia research.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on the subject The aTT has been validated and adapted in several countries. Its properties in screening and detecting comprehensive deficits in SPs highlight its potential as a screening tool in clinical practice. Moreover, considering that stroke is the third largest cause of death worldwide, research and clinical practice have focused on how to improve early detection of deficits in these people, especially those related to cognition, language and functionality in SPs. Therefore, counting with validated and adapted tools is essential for clinicians because it could contribute to accurate intervention and classification of language disorders.What this paper adds to the existing knowledge The main contribution of this study is to provide normative data for the aTT in Latin American Spanish speakers. No previous studies have focused on validating this test and analysing the influence of three critical variables (age, gender and years of education) on its performance in SPs from Latin America. In addition, we propose a classification of the severity of comprehension deficits in SPs. Finally, we found comprehension deficits in patients with right and left hemisphere stroke, which would imply that these deficits would not be exclusive to left hemisphere stroke.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Contribute with validation of language comprehension tools, such as the aTT, could improve early diagnosis of patients with language disorders. This validation provides a test based on the sociodemographic characteristics of Latin American Speakers, which has yet to be established. Due to this, normative data considering the sociodemographic characteristics of the target population is crucial for accurately classifying comprehension deficits after brain damage.

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Adaptation of the Token Test in Standard Indonesian

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of aphasia in a culturally and linguistically diverse context: Practices of and challenges faced by speech-language pathologists

Evaluation of aphasia in a culturally and linguistically diverse context: Practices of and challenges faced by speech-language pathologists

Validation of the abbreviated version of the Token Test in Latin American Spanish stroke patients

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